Editing Tuvalu (section)

===Scientific expeditions and travellers===
[[File:Nukufetauman1831.jpg|thumb|left|A man from the [[Nukufetau]] atoll, drawn by [[Alfred Thomas Agate]] in 1841]]
The [[United States Exploring Expedition]] under [[Charles Wilkes]] visited [[Funafuti]], [[Nukufetau]], and [[Vaitupu]] in 1841.<ref>Tyler, David B. – 1968 ''The Wilkes Expedition. The First United States Exploring Expedition'' (1838–42). Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society</ref> During this expedition, engraver and illustrator [[Alfred Thomas Agate]] recorded the dress and tattoo patterns of the men of Nukufetau.<ref name="smith">{{cite book |author=Wilkes, Charles |title=Ellice's and Kingsmill's Group |chapter-url=http://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/usexex/ |publisher=The First United States Exploring Expedition (1838–42) [[Smithsonian Institution]] |volume=5 |chapter=2 |pages=35–75 |access-date=13 April 2011 |archive-date=20 September 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030920160451/http://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/usexex/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1885 or 1886, the New Zealand photographer [[Thomas Andrew (photographer)|Thomas Andrew]] visited Funafuti<ref name="AT2">{{cite web |last=Andrew |first=Thomas |title=Washing Hole Funafuti. From the album: Views in the Pacific Islands |publisher=Collection of Museum of New Zealand (Te Papa) |year=1886 |url=http://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/objectdetails.aspx?irn=1238498 |access-date=10 April 2014 |archive-date=11 April 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140411050242/http://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/objectdetails.aspx?irn=1238498 |url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Nui (atoll)|Nui]].<ref name="AT3">{{cite web |last=Andrew |first=Thomas |title=Mission House Nui. From the album: Views in the Pacific Islands |publisher=Collection of Museum of New Zealand (Te Papa) |year=1886 |url=http://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/objectdetails.aspx?irn=1238504 |access-date=10 April 2014 |archive-date=11 April 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140411050856/http://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/objectdetails.aspx?irn=1238504 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="AT4">{{cite web |last=Andrew |first=Thomas |title=Bread fruit tree Nui. From the album: Views in the Pacific Islands |publisher=Collection of Museum of New Zealand (Te Papa) |year=1886 |url=http://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/objectdetails.aspx?irn=1238500 |access-date=10 April 2014 |archive-date=11 April 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140411050810/http://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/objectdetails.aspx?irn=1238500 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1890, [[Robert Louis Stevenson]], his wife [[Fanny Van de Grift|Fanny Vandegrift Stevenson]] and her son [[Lloyd Osbourne]] sailed on the ''Janet Nicoll'', a trading steamer owned by [[Thomas Henderson (New Zealand politician)|Henderson and Macfarlane]] of Auckland, New Zealand, which operated between Sydney and Auckland and into the central Pacific.<ref name="Flude">[http://homepages.ihug.co.nz/~tonyf/CSL/ ''The Circular Saw Shipping Line.''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609213056/http://homepages.ihug.co.nz/~tonyf/CSL/ |date=9 June 2011 }} Anthony G. Flude. 1993. (Chapter 7)</ref> The ''Janet Nicoll'' visited three of the Ellice Islands;<ref>''Janet Nicoll'' is the correct spelling of the trading steamer owned by Henderson and Macfarlane of Auckland, New Zealand, which operated between Sydney, Auckland and into the central Pacific. [[Fanny Van de Grift|Fanny Vandegrift Stevenson]] misnames the ship as the ''Janet Nicol'' in her account of the 1890 voyage</ref> while Fanny records that they made landfall at Funafuti, Niutao and [[Nanumea]], Jane Resture suggests that it was more likely they landed at Nukufetau rather than Funafuti,<ref name=RSL>{{cite web |title=The Tuvalu Visit of Robert Louis Stevenson |url=http://www.janeresture.com/index.htm |publisher=Jane Resture’s Oceania |access-date=20 December 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051215064230/http://www.janeresture.com/index.htm |archive-date=15 December 2005}}</ref> as Fanny describes meeting [[Alfred Restieaux]] and his wife Litia; however, they had been living on Nukufetau since the 1880s.<ref name="AR1"/><ref name="AR2"/> An account of this voyage was written by Fanny Stevenson and published under the title ''The Cruise of the Janet Nichol'',<ref>Stevenson, Fanny Van de Grift (1914) [https://archive.org/details/cruisejanetnich01stevgoog ''The Cruise of the Janet Nichol among the South Sea Islands''], republished in 2003, Roslyn Jolly (ed.), U. of Washington Press/U. of New South Wales Press, {{ISBN|0868406066}}</ref> together with photographs taken by Robert Louis Stevenson and Lloyd Osbourne.

In 1894, Count Rudolf [[Festetics family|Festetics]] de Tolna, his wife Eila (''née'' Haggin) and her daughter Blanche Haggin visited Funafuti aboard the yacht ''Le Tolna''.<ref>Festetics De Tolna, Comte Rodolphe (1903) ''Chez les cannibales: huit ans de croisière dans l'océan Pacifique à bord du'', Paris: Plon-Nourrit</ref> The Count spent several days photographing men and women on Funafuti.<ref name="QBFR">{{cite book |title="The Aristocrat and His Cannibals" Count Festetics von Tolna's travels in Oceania, 1893–1896 |publisher=musée du quai Branly |date=2007}}</ref><ref name="NMK">{{cite web |title=Néprajzi Múzeum Könyvtára |url=http://www.neprajz.hu/ |publisher=The library of the Ethnographic Museum of Hungary |access-date=20 September 2011 |archive-date=21 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721111935/http://www.neprajz.hu/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:H-C-Fassett-Ellice-Is-1900.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=1900, Woman on Funafuti, Tuvalu, then known as Ellice Islands|Woman on Funafuti (1900)<br />Photograph by [[Harry Clifford Fassett]]]]
The boreholes on Funafuti, at the site now called ''Darwin's Drill'',<ref name="PDN">{{cite book |last1=Lal |first1=Andrick |title=South Pacific Sea Level & Climate Monitoring Project – Funafuti atoll |url=http://www.pacificdisaster.net/oip/FinalReport/Annex/3_Survey%20LDP/Survey_Diagrams_JPACE-TV.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203011855/http://www.pacificdisaster.net/oip/FinalReport/Annex/3_Survey%20LDP/Survey_Diagrams_JPACE-TV.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 February 2014 |publisher=SPC Applied Geoscience and Technology Division (SOPAC Division of SPC) |pages=35 & 40}}</ref> are the result of drilling conducted by the [[Royal Society of London]] for the purpose of investigating the [[formation of coral reefs]] to determine whether traces of shallow water organisms could be found at depth in the [[coral]] of Pacific atolls. This investigation followed the work on ''[[The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs]]'' conducted by [[Charles Darwin]] in the Pacific. Drilling occurred in 1896, 1897 and 1898.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article17092086 |title=TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=11 September 1934 |access-date=20 June 2012 |page=6 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> Professor [[Edgeworth David]] of the [[University of Sydney]] was a member of the 1896 "Funafuti Coral Reef Boring Expedition of the Royal Society", under [[William Johnson Sollas|Professor William Sollas]] and led the expedition in 1897.<ref>David, Mrs Edgeworth, ''Funafuti or Three Months on a Coral Atoll: an unscientific account of a scientific expedition'', London: John Murray, 1899</ref> Photographers on these trips recorded people, communities, and scenes at Funafuti.<ref name="USydL">{{cite web |title=Photography Collection |url=https://sydney.edu.au/museums/collections/historic-photographs.shtml |publisher=University of Sydney Library |access-date=20 September 2011 |archive-date=15 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190615011130/http://sydney.edu.au/museums/collections/historic-photographs.shtml |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Charles Hedley]], a naturalist at the [[Australian Museum]], accompanied the 1896 expedition, and during his stay on Funafuti he collected [[invertebrate]] and [[ethnological]] objects. The descriptions of these were published in ''Memoir III of the Australian Museum Sydney'' between 1896 and 1900. Hedley also wrote the ''General Account of the Atoll of Funafuti'', ''The Ethnology of Funafuti'',<ref name="CH2">{{cite journal |last1=Hedley |first1=Charles |title=The ethnology of Funafuti |url=http://australianmuseum.net.au/Uploads/Journals/16696/497_complete.pdf |year=1897 |journal=Australian Museum Memoir |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=227–304 |doi=10.3853/j.0067-1967.3.1897.497 |access-date=28 September 2013 |archive-date=28 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128033925/http://australianmuseum.net.au/Uploads/Journals/16696/497_complete.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> and ''The Mollusca of Funafuti''.<ref>Fairfax, Denis (1983) [http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A090259b.htm "Hedley, Charles (1862–1926)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524131624/http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A090259b.htm |date=24 May 2011 }}, pp. 252–253 in ''[[Australian Dictionary of Biography]]'', Volume 9, Melbourne University Press. Retrieved 5 May 2013</ref><ref name="Serle">{{Dictionary of Australian Biography |First=Charles |Last=Hedley |shortlink=0-dict-biogHa-He.html#hedley1 |access-date=5 May 2013}}</ref> [[Edgar Ravenswood Waite|Edgar Waite]] was also part of the 1896 expedition and published ''The mammals, reptiles, and fishes of Funafuti''.<ref name="ERW">{{cite journal |last1=Waite |first1=Edgar R. |title=The mammals, reptiles, and fishes of Funafuti |url=http://australianmuseum.net.au/Uploads/Journals/16695/494_complete.pdf |year=1897 |journal=Australian Museum Memoir |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=165–202 |doi=10.3853/j.0067-1967.3.1897.494 |access-date=28 September 2013 |archive-date=9 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909015549/http://australianmuseum.net.au/uploads/journals/16695/494_complete.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[William Joseph Rainbow|William Rainbow]] described the spiders and insects collected at Funafuti in ''The insect fauna of Funafuti''.<ref name="WJR">{{cite journal |last1=Rainbow |first1=William J. |title=The insect fauna of Funafuti |url=http://australianmuseum.net.au/Uploads/Journals/16690/490_complete.pdf |year=1897 |journal=Australian Museum Memoir |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=89–104 |doi=10.3853/j.0067-1967.3.1897.490 |access-date=28 September 2013 |archive-date=9 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909015505/http://australianmuseum.net.au/uploads/journals/16690/490_complete.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Harry Clifford Fassett]], captain's clerk and photographer, recorded people, communities and scenes at Funafuti in 1900 during a visit of [[USS Albatross (1882)|USFC ''Albatross'']] when the [[United States Fish Commission]] was investigating the formation of coral reefs on Pacific atolls.<ref name="NARA">{{cite web |title=National Archives & Records Administration |url=https://www.archives.gov/ |publisher=Records of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. |access-date=20 September 2011 |archive-date=25 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070725204231/http://www.archives.gov/ |url-status=live}}</ref>