Editing Tvrđa (section)

====Second layout in 18th century====
[[File:St. Michael's Church, Osijek.jpg|thumb|upright|left|This single-nave [[Saint Michael (Roman Catholic)|St. Michael's]] Church with two towers (1725–1748) was built by the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuits]] on the foundations of the Kasim-pasha's Mosque.<ref name="gctvrdja"/>]]
[[File:Rektorat Osijek.JPG|thumb|right|Former [[Palace of Slavonian General Command|General Command]] is featured on [[Croatian kuna|200 kuna banknote]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hnb.hr/novcan/hnovcan.htm | title=Croatian National Bank – Coins and banknotes | language=hr | access-date=5 July 2013 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703222905/http://www.hnb.hr/novcan/hnovcan.htm | archive-date=3 July 2013 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>]]
The original plan for Tvrđa was drafted because of the need to reinforce the town walls, but did not include provisions to redesign the interior and envisaged largely uncontrolled development. New plans for a fort on the right bank of the River Drava were drawn up by [[Maximilian Gosseau de Henef]]. Gosseau took over planning of the fort when construction was already under way.<ref name=UNESCO/> Starting in August 1712, Austrian engineers, supervised by the fort's commander, General [[Johann Stephan von Beckers]],<ref name=AOOT>{{cite web|url=http://www.aoot.hr/history|title=History of Tvrđa|publisher=Agencija za obnovu osječke Tvrđe|access-date=6 April 2015}}</ref> built [[barracks]], staff headquarters, churches and [[monastery|monasteries]], surrounded by system of [[moat]]s, [[bastions]] and gun positions, respecting Gosseau's design.<ref name=UNESCO/><ref name="IYP"/><ref name="IYP2">{{cite web|url=http://www.inyourpocket.com/data/download/osijek.pdf|title=Osijek In Your Pocket 2009/2010|publisher=In Your Pocket|access-date=May 12, 2010|location=Zagreb}}</ref> The design followed the model of lowland Dutch military fortifications of the period.<ref name=AOOT/>

By 1715, all five planned bastions and two [[gate]]s were complete. An additional, western, gate leading to the [[Gornji grad (Osijek)|Upper Town]] was added in 1716. The construction of the [[outwork]] on the opposite bank of the [[River Drava]], designed to offer protection from the north and to serve as a [[bridgehead]], was completed by 1721.<ref name=UNESCO/> The final, fourth gate, leading to the [[Donji grad (Osijek)|Lower Town]], was not added until 1783.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://radio.hrt.hr/radio-osijek/clanak/tvra-svetkuje-miholje/70965/|title=Tvrđa svetkuje Miholje|date=29 September 2014|last=Bajto|first=Amoreta|work=radio.hrt.hr|publisher=[[Croatian Radiotelevision]]|language=hr|access-date=13 April 2015|archive-date=18 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418230825/https://radio.hrt.hr/radio-osijek/clanak/tvra-svetkuje-miholje/70965/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Construction of the inner town was completed by 1733, and in 1735 three additional northern bastions were completed, along with a post office, the fort's construction office and a hospital.<ref name=UNESCO/> The completed fort had "eight bastions, two armories, two major depots, garrison headquarters, military court, construction office, garrison physician, guardhouse, officer apartments, military hospital and seven barracks".<ref name=UNESCO/> Based on the 'ring model', the fortifications took up an area of {{convert|80|ha}},<ref name="prostor"/> making Tvrđa the largest fortress on the border with the Ottoman Empire.<ref name="WMW"/>

[[File:Archaeological Museum in Osijek.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Former [[The City Guard in Osijek|City Guard]] ({{langx|hr|Glavna straža}}, {{langx|de|link=no|Hauptwache}}), built in 1729, now hosts the Archaeological Museum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.muih.hr/content/view/18/36/|title=Muzejska Udruga Istočne Hrvatske – Arheološki muzej Osijek|work=muih.hr|publisher=Muzejska udruga istočne Hrvatske|language=hr|access-date=29 August 2010|archive-date=6 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306032017/http://muih.hr/content/view/18/36|url-status=dead}}</ref>]]
Gosseau's plan left space for churches to be built where mosques had once stood. Initially, converted mosques were used as churches, but [[Franciscans]] started to build a [[Baroque]] church in 1709 and it was consecrated in 1732.<ref name=UNESCO/> A Franciscan monastery was built between 1699 and 1705, with a new wing being added between 1731 and 1733, which subsequently became a new monastery in 1761.<ref name=UNESCO/><ref name="OBZ">{{cite web|url=http://www.obz.hr/en/pdf/VodicENG.pdf|title=Cultural and Historical Heritage of Osijek-Baranja County|publisher=Tourist Board of the Osijek-Baranja County|access-date=12 May 2010|location=Osijek|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417123232/http://www.obz.hr/en/pdf/VodicENG.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1725, the [[Jesuits]] commenced construction of the parish church of St. Michael ({{langx|hr|Sveti Mihovil}}), following the construction of their own monastery. This church was in use after 1734, despite being incomplete.<ref name=UNESCO/> A [[Marian and Holy Trinity columns|Holy Trinity column]] was erected in the fort's main square in 1730 as a [[Plague (disease)|plague]] monument featuring [[volute]]s with pedestals on which four protectors against the plague are placed. Four additional pedestals were added to the monument in 1784, each featuring a statue of a saint.<ref name="OBZ"/> Tvrđa had [[street lighting]] as early as 1717.<ref name=UNESCO/> The first system to supply public water in Croatia was opened in Tvrđa in 1751.<ref name="Živaković-Kerže">{{cite journal|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=65886&lang=en|title=The first public water supply system in Osijek|first=Zlata|last=Živaković-Kerže|year=2008|journal=Scrinia Slavonica|volume=8|pages=147–151|issue=1}}</ref>

In the mid-18th century there were reportedly more than 35 [[Public house#Inns|inn]]s in Tvrđa, estimated to an account for one in three of the fort's buildings.<ref name=UNESCO/> [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Crown prince Joseph]] stayed in one of the inns when visiting Osijek. In 1786, as Joseph II, he decreed the merger of the Upper Town, Lower Town and Tvrđa into one single town council.<ref name=UNESCO/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Tomašić |first1=Nebojša |last2=Radovanović|first2=Karin|title=Treasures of Yugoslavia: An Encyclopedic Touring Guide|publisher=Yugoslaviapublic|location=Belgrade|year=1982|page=188}}</ref>