Editing Vertical integration (section)

===Internal gains===
*Lower [[transaction costs]]
*Synchronization of [[supply and demand]] along the chain of products
*Lower uncertainty and higher investment
*Capture of profit margins from upstream or downstream
*Ability to [[Monopoly|monopolize]] market throughout the chain by [[market foreclosure]]
*Strategic independence (especially if important inputs are rare or highly volatile in price, such as [[rare-earth metals]]).
*Enhancing the company's ties with its suppliers<ref name=huang />
*Lower the threshold for entry. A sustained high surplus phase must be protected by barriers to entry. As a result, a vertically integrated entrant is able to extend these barriers at a lower cost than the value of existing surpluses.<ref>Stuckey, J., & White, D. (1993). WHEN AND WHEN NOT TO VERTICALLY INTEGRATE. [[Sloan Management Review]], 34(3), 71–83.</ref>