Editing Von Neumann architecture (section)

==Early stored-program computers==
The date information in the following chronology is difficult to put into proper order. Some dates are for first running a test program, some dates are the first time the computer was demonstrated or completed, and some dates are for the first delivery or installation.
* The [[IBM SSEC]] had the ability to treat instructions as data, and was publicly demonstrated on January 27, 1948. This ability was claimed in a [[United States patent law|US patent]].<ref>{{US patent|2636672|src=uspto|Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (USPTO Web site)}}.</ref><ref>{{US patent|2636672|Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (Google Patents)}}.</ref> However it was partially [[Electromechanics|electromechanical]], not fully electronic. In practice, instructions were read from [[Punched tape|paper tape]] due to its limited memory.<ref name="herb">{{Citation |author-first=Herbert R. J. |author-last=Grosch |title=Computer: Bit Slices From a Life |date=1991 |publisher=Third Millennium Books |isbn=0-88733-085-1 |url=http://www.columbia.edu/acis/history/computer.html |author-link=Herb Grosch}}.</ref>
* The [[APEXC|ARC2]] developed by [[Andrew Donald Booth|Andrew Booth]] and [[Kathleen Booth]] at [[Birkbeck, University of London]] officially came online on May 12, 1948.<ref name="birkbeck"/> It featured the first [[drum memory|rotating drum storage device]].<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Lavington |editor-first1=Simon |title=Alan Turing and his Contemporaries: Building the World's First Computers |date=2012 |publisher=[[British Computer Society]] |location=London |isbn=978-1906124908 |page=61}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author-last1=Johnson |author-first1=Roger |title=School of Computer Science & Information Systems: A Short History |url=http://www.dcs.bbk.ac.uk/site/assets/files/1029/50yearsofcomputing.pdf |website=Birkbeck College |publisher=[[University of London]] |access-date=2017-07-23 |date=April 2008}}</ref>
* The [[Manchester Baby]] was the first fully electronic computer to run a stored program. It ran a factoring program for 52 minutes on June 21, 1948, after running a simple division program and a program to show that two numbers were [[Coprime integers|relatively prime]].
* The [[ENIAC]] was modified to run as a primitive read-only stored-program computer (using the Function Tables for program [[Read-only memory|ROM]]) and was demonstrated as such on September 16, 1948, running a program by [[Adele Goldstine]] for von Neumann.
* The [[BINAC]] ran some test programs in February, March, and April 1949, although was not completed until September 1949.
* The [[Manchester Mark 1]] developed from the Baby project.  An intermediate version of the Mark 1 was available to run programs in April 1949, but was not completed until October 1949.
* The [[Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator|EDSAC]] ran its first program on May 6, 1949.
* The [[EDVAC]] was delivered in August 1949, but it had problems that kept it from being put into regular operation until 1951.
* The [[CSIRAC|CSIR Mk I]] ran its first program in November 1949.
* The [[SEAC (computer)|SEAC]] was demonstrated in April 1950.
* The [[Pilot ACE]] ran its first program on May 10, 1950, and was demonstrated in December 1950.
* The [[SWAC (computer)|SWAC]] was completed in July 1950.
* The [[Whirlwind (computer)|Whirlwind]] was completed in December 1950 and was in actual use in April 1951.
* The first [[UNIVAC 1101|ERA Atlas]] (later the commercial ERA 1101/UNIVAC 1101) was installed in December 1950.