Editing Waste hierarchy (section)

==Source reduction==
[[Source reduction]] involves efforts to reduce [[hazardous waste]] and other materials by modifying industrial production. Source reduction methods involve changes in manufacturing technology, [[raw material]] inputs, and product formulation. At times, the term "pollution prevention" may refer to source reduction.

Another method of source reduction is to increase incentives for recycling.  Many communities in the United States are implementing [[Variable pricing|variable-rate pricing]] for waste disposal (also known as [[Pay as you throw|Pay As You Throw]] - PAYT) which has been effective in reducing the size of the [[municipal waste]] stream.<ref name="ecocycle">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ecocycle.org/zero/pay_throw.cfm|title=Pay-As-You-Throw - Let's Start|access-date=2006-11-26|author=Mark Ruzzin}}</ref>

Source reduction is typically measured by efficiencies and cutbacks in waste. [[Toxics use reduction]] is a more controversial approach to source reduction that targets and measures reductions in the upstream use of toxic materials. Toxic use reduction emphasizes the more preventive aspects of source reduction but, due to its emphasis on toxic chemical inputs, has been opposed more vigorously by chemical manufacturers. Toxic use reduction programs have been set up by legislation in some states, e.g., [[Massachusetts]], [[New Jersey]], and [[Oregon]]. The 3 R's represent the 'Waste Hierarchy' which lists the best ways of managing waste from the most to the least desirable. Many of the things we currently throw away could be reused again with just a little thought and imagination.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coconix.com/blogs/coconix/effective-waste-management|title=Effective waste management}}</ref>