Editing Weather station (section)

==Dedicated buoys==
{{Main|Weather buoy}}

Weather buoys are instruments which collect weather and [[oceanography]] data within the world's oceans and lakes.<ref name=grlks>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bigbaywx.com/buoy.php/ |title=Great Lakes buoys |access-date=2012-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618193247/http://www.bigbaywx.com/buoy.php |archive-date=2012-06-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=mskgn>[http://www.gvsu.edu/wri/buoy/ Muskegon Lake buoy]</ref><ref name=craterlake>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/weather/oclb.html/ |title=Crater Lake weather buoy |access-date=2012-06-16 |archive-date=2012-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221023027/http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/weather/oclb.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Moored buoys have been in use since 1951,<ref>{{cite book|author1=G. L. Timpe |author2=N. Van de Voorde |title='Challenges of Our Changing Global Environment'. Conference Proceedings. OCEANS '95 MTS/IEEE |chapter=NOMAD buoys: An overview of forty years of use |name-list-style=amp |pages=309–315|volume=1|doi=10.1109/OCEANS.1995.526788|date=October 1995|isbn=0-933957-14-9 |s2cid=111274406 }}</ref> while drifting buoys have been used since the late 1970s.<ref name="National Aeronautics and Space Administration">{{cite web|url=http://oceanmotion.org/html/gatheringdata/buoysanddrifers.htm|author=National Aeronautics and Space Administration|title=Ocean Motion and Surface Currents|date=2009-04-15|access-date=2011-01-28|author-link=NASA}}</ref> Moored buoys are connected with the seabed using either chains, [[nylon]], or buoyant [[polypropylene]].<ref name="NDBC">{{cite web|url=http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/mooredbuoy.shtml|title=Moored Buoy Program|author=National Data Buoy Center|author-link=National Data Buoy Center|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|date=2008-02-04|access-date=2011-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110103084317/http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/mooredbuoy.shtml|archive-date=2011-01-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> With the decline of the [[weather ship]], they have taken a more primary role in measuring conditions over the open seas since the 1970s.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2zQrAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA40|page=40|author=National Research Council (U.S.). Ocean Science Committee, National Research Council (U.S.). Study Panel on Ocean Atmosphere Interaction|title=The role of the ocean in predicting climate: a report of workshops conducted by Study Panel on Ocean Atmosphere Interaction under the auspices of the Ocean Science Committee of the Ocean Affairs Board, Commission on Natural Resources, National Research Council|year=1974|publisher=National Academies}}</ref> During the 1980s and 1990s, a network of buoys in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean helped study the [[El Niño-Southern Oscillation]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DO5K1NK_ZewC&pg=PA62|title=Global energy and water cycles|author1=K. A. Browning |author2=Robert J. Gurney |page=62|year=1999|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-56057-3}}</ref> Moored weather buoys range from {{convert|1.5|-|12|m|ft|sigfig=1}} in diameter,<ref name="NDBC"/> while drifting buoys are smaller, with diameters of {{convert|30|-|40|cm|in}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/dac/gdp_drifter.php|publisher=The Global Drifter Program|author1=R. Lumpkin |author2=M. Pazos |name-list-style=amp |title=What's a Drifter?|date=2010-06-08|access-date=2011-01-29}}</ref> Drifting buoys are the dominant form of weather buoy in sheer number, with 1250 located worldwide.<ref name="National Aeronautics and Space Administration"/> Wind data from buoys has smaller error than that from ships.<ref>{{Cite FTP |url=ftp://ftp.wmo.int/Documents/PublicWeb/amp/mmop/documents/JCOMM-TR/J-TR-13-Marine-Climatology/REV1/joc1176.pdf|volume=25|pages=979–995|doi=10.1002/joc.1176|year=2005|access-date=2011-01-29|author1=Bridget R. Thomas|author2=Elizabeth C. Kent|author3=Val R. Swail|name-list-style=amp|title=Methods to Homogenize Wind Speeds From Ships and Buoys|issue=7|bibcode=2005IJCli..25..979T|server=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.|url-status=dead|s2cid=128839496 }}</ref> There are differences in the values of sea surface temperature measurements between the two platforms as well, relating to the depth of the measurement and whether or not the water is heated by the ship which measures the quantity.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A6ew-bJDIDIC&pg=PA24|pages=24–25|title=Data analysis methods in physical oceanography|author1=William J. Emery |author2=Richard E. Thomson |year=2001|isbn=978-0-444-50757-0|publisher=Gulf Professional Publishing}}</ref>