Editing Welsh orthography (section)

=== Diphthongs ===
:{| class="wikitable"
! Orthography
! Northern dialects
! Southern dialects
! English (approximation only)
|-
| rowspan=2 | ae
| {{IPA|/ɑːɨ̯/}} <ref group=*>final or only syllable, e.g. ''chwar'''ae''''', ''c'''ae'''th''</ref>
| {{IPA|/ai̯/}}
| '''eye'''
|-
| {{IPA|/ɛi̯/}} <ref group=*>non-final syllable. e.g. ''chwar'''ae'''''wr, ''c'''ae'''thwas''</ref>
| {{IPA|/eːɨ̯/}}
| m'''ay'''
|-
| ai
| {{IPA|/ai̯/}}
| {{IPA|/ai̯/}}
| '''eye'''
|-
| au
| {{IPA|/aɨ̯/}}, {{IPA|/a/}}
| {{IPA|/ai̯/}}, {{IPA|/ɛ/}}
| '''eye'''. Realised as b'''e'''t (south) and c'''a'''t (north) in plural endings.
|-
| aw
| {{IPA|/au̯, ɑːu̯/}}
| {{IPA|/au̯/}}
| h'''ow'''
|-
| ei
| {{IPA|/ɛi̯/}}
| {{IPA|/ɛi̯/}}
| As in '''ei'''ght
|-
| eu
| {{IPA|/əɨ̯/}}
| {{IPA|/əi̯/}}
| As in h'''eigh'''t
|-
| ew
| {{IPA|/ɛu̯, eːu̯/}}
| {{IPA|/ɛu̯/}}
| Roughly like ''Edward'' with the ''d'' removed: '''''E'w'''ard'', or Cockney pronunciation of ''-ell'' in words like ''w'''ell''''', ''h'''ell'''''.
|-
| ey
| {{IPA|/e.ɨ̯/}}
| {{IPA|/e.ɪ/}}
| Two distinct vowels.
|-
| iw
| {{IPA|/ɪu̯/}}
| {{IPA|/ɪu̯/}}
| similar to Cockney pronunciation of ''-ill'' in words like ''b'''ill''''', ''f'''ill'''''
|-
| oe
| {{IPA|/ɔɨ̯, ɔːɨ̯/}}
| {{IPA|/ɔi̯/}}
| b'''oy'''
|-
| oi
| {{IPA|/ɔi̯/}}
| {{IPA|/ɔi̯/}}
| b'''oy'''
|-
| ou
| {{IPA|/ɔɨ̯, ɔːɨ̯/}}
| {{IPA|/ɔi̯/}}
| b'''oy'''
|-
| ow
| {{IPA|/ɔu̯/}}
| {{IPA|/ɔu̯/}}
| g'''oa'''l
|-
| uw
| {{IPA|/ɨu̯/}}
| {{IPA|/ɪu̯/}}
| Southern {{IPA|/ɪu̯/}}: see "iw" above. Northern {{IPA|/ɨu̯/}}: not present in English.
|-
| wy <ref group=*>In some other words containing the letter combination "wy", instead of this being a diphthong, the "w" is a consonant ({{IPA|/w/}}). In these cases, the pronunciation of the "y" can then vary as shown in the previous table. For example: short final in "gwyn" ({{IPA|/ɡwɨ̞n/}} (N), {{IPA|/ɡwɪn/}} (S)), long final in "gwych" ({{IPA|/ɡwɨːχ/}} (N), {{IPA|/ɡwiːχ/}} (S)), non-final in "gwynion" ({{IPA|/ˈɡwənjɔn/}}).</ref>
| {{IPA|/ʊ̯ɨ, u̯ɨ/}}
| {{IPA|/ʊ̯i/}}
| not present in English; closest to g'''ooey'''
|-
| yw <ref group=*>where yw is followed by a vowel, e.g. ''cywir'', ''tywod'', ''tywydd'', this does not contain the ''yw'' diphthong, but a non-final ''y'' (hence {{IPA|/ə/}}, see above) followed by a consonantal ''w'' {{IPA|/w/}}</ref>
| {{IPA|/ɨu̯/}}
| {{IPA|/ɪu̯/}}
| see "uw" above
|}

;Notes
<references group=* />