Editing William Labov (section)

==Linguistic principles==
One of Labov's contributions to theories of [[language change]] is his ''Golden Age Principle'' (or ''Golden Age Theory''). It claims that any changes in the sounds or the grammar that have come to conscious awareness in a [[speech community]] trigger a uniformly negative reaction.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Anderwald |first1=Lieselotte |title=Language Between Description and Prescription: Verbs and Verb Categories in Nineteenth-Century Grammars of English |date=2 June 2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-027068-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DBE9DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA18 |language=en}}</ref>

{{blockquote
|text=Communities differ in the extent to which they stigmatize the newer forms of language, but I have never yet met anyone who greeted them with applause. Some older citizens welcome the new music and dances, the new electronic devices and computers. But no one has ever been heard to say, "It's wonderful the way young people talk today. It's so much better than the way we talked when I was a kid." ... The most general and most deeply held belief about language is the ''Golden Age Principle'': At some time in the past, language was in a state of perfection. It is understood that in such a state, every sound was correct and beautiful, and every word and expression was proper, accurate, and appropriate. Furthermore, the decline from that state has been regular and persistent, so that every change represents a falling away from the golden age, rather than a return to it. Every new sound will be heard as ugly, and every new expression will be heard as improper, inaccurate, and inappropriate. Given this principle it is obvious that language change must be interpreted as nonconformity to established norms, and that people will reject changes in the structure of language when they become aware of them.
|author=William Labov |source=Principles of Linguistic Change, Vol. 2: Social Factors (2001), p. 514
}}