Editing Window (section)

== Types ==
=== Cross ===
A [[cross-window]] is a rectangular window usually divided into four lights by a mullion and transom that form a [[Latin cross]].<ref>Curl, James Stevens (2006). ''Oxford Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture'', 2nd ed., OUP, Oxford and New York, p. 214. {{ISBN|978-0-19-860678-9}}.</ref>

=== Eyebrow ===
The term ''eyebrow window'' is used in two ways: a curved top window in a wall or an eyebrow [[dormer]]; and a row of small windows usually under the front eaves such as the [[James-Lorah House]] in Pennsylvania.<ref>Harris, Cyril M. (1998). ''American Architecture: An Illustrated Encyclopedia''. New York: W. W. Norton.</ref>

=== Fixed ===
A ''fixed window'' is a window that cannot be opened,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CVTjAQAAQBAJ&q=Fixed+window+is+window+that+cannot+open&pg=PA83|title=Kitchen & Bath Residential Construction and Systems|author=NKBA (National Kitchen and Bath Association)|date=2013-10-29|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-71104-0|language=en}}</ref> whose function is limited to allowing light to enter (unlike an unfixed window, which can open and close). [[Clerestory]] windows in [[church architecture]] are often fixed. Transom windows may be fixed or operable. This type of window is used in situations where light or vision alone is needed as no ventilation is possible in such windows without the use of [[trickle vent]]s or overglass vents.

=== Single-hung sash ===
A ''single-hung sash window'' is a window that has one sash that is movable (usually the bottom one) and the other fixed. This is the earlier form of sliding sash window and is also cheaper.<ref name="britannica.com" />

=== Double-hung sash ===
A [[sash window]] is the traditional style of window in the United Kingdom, and many other places that were formerly colonized by the UK, with two parts (sashes) that overlap slightly and slide up and down inside the frame. The two parts are not necessarily the same size; where the upper sash is smaller (shorter) it is termed a [[cottage window]]. Currently, most new double-hung sash windows use spring balances to support the sashes, but traditionally, counterweights held in boxes on either side of the window were used. These were and are attached to the sashes using pulleys of either braided cord or, later, purpose-made chain. Three types of spring balances are called a tape or clock spring balance; channel or block-and-tackle balance, and a spiral or tube balance.

Double-hung sash windows were traditionally often fitted with [[Window shutter|shutters]]. Sash windows can be fitted with simplex hinges that let the window be locked into hinges on one side, while the rope on the other side is detached—so the window can be opened for fire escape or cleaning.

=== Foldup ===
[[File:Foldup window.gif|thumb|upright|Foldup window (inward swinging), cross-section side view]]

A ''foldup'' has two equal sashes similar to a standard double-hung but folds upward allowing air to pass through nearly the full-frame opening. The window is balanced using either springs or counterbalances, similar to a double-hung. The sashes can be either offset to simulate a double-hung, or in-line. The inline versions can be made to fold inward or outward. The inward swinging foldup windows can have fixed screens, while the outward swinging ones require movable screens. The windows are typically used for screen rooms, kitchen pass-throughs, or egress.

=== Horizontal sliding sash ===
A ''horizontal sliding sash window'' has two or more sashes that overlap slightly but slide horizontally within the frame. In the UK, these are sometimes called [[Yorkshire]] sash windows, presumably because of their traditional use in that county.

=== Casement ===
{{Main|Casement window}}

[[File:Gordijnen aan venster.JPG|thumb|[[Casement window]]]]

A [[casement window]] is a window with a hinged sash that swings in or out like a door comprising either a side-hung, top-hung (also called "awning window"; see below), or occasionally bottom-hung sash or a combination of these types, sometimes with fixed panels on one or more sides of the sash.<ref name="Window" /> In the US, these are usually opened using a [[Crank (mechanism)|crank]], but in parts of Europe, they tend to use projection friction stays and [[espagnolette]] locking. Formerly, plain hinges were used with a [[casement stay]]. [[Handing]] applies to casement windows to determine direction of swing; a casement window may be left-handed, right-handed, or double. The casement window is the dominant type now found in modern buildings in the UK and many other parts of Europe.

=== Awning ===
[[File:Fenêtre à l'australienne - Awning window - (AWS Magnum 616) Light.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|Awning window]]

An ''awning window'' is a casement window that is hung horizontally, [[hinge]]d on top, so that it swings outward like an [[awning]]. In addition to being used independently, they can be stacked, several in one opening, or combined with fixed glass. They are particularly useful for ventilation.<ref>{{cite book | title=Window Treatments | first=Karla J. | last=Nielson | page=45 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y6U0uP5cyLQC&q=%22awning+window%22&pg=PA45 | publisher=John Wiley & Sons | date=Sep 15, 1989 | isbn=0-471-28946-9}}</ref>

=== Hopper ===
A ''hopper window'' is a bottom-pivoting casement window that opens by tilting vertically, typically to the inside, resembling a [[Hopper (particulate collection container)|hopper]] chute.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Allen|first1=Edward|last2=Thallon|first2=Rob|title=Fundamentals of Residential Construction|edition=3rd |year=2011 |publisher=Wiley |location=Hoboken, NJ |isbn=978-0-470-54083-1 |page=654}}</ref>

=== Pivot ===
A ''pivot window'' is a window hung on one hinge on each of two opposite sides which allows the window to revolve when opened. The hinges may be mounted top and bottom (Vertically Pivoted) or at each jamb (Horizontally Pivoted). The window will usually open initially to a restricted position for ventilation and, once released, fully reverse and lock again for safe cleaning from inside. Modern pivot hinges incorporate a friction device to hold the window open against its weight and may have restriction and reversed locking built-in. In the UK, where this type of window is most common, they were extensively installed in high-rise social housing.

=== Tilt and slide ===
A ''tilt and slide window'' is a window (more usually a door-sized window) where the sash tilts inwards at the top similar to a hopper window and then slides horizontally behind the fixed pane.

=== Tilt and turn ===
A ''tilt and turn window'' can both tilt inwards at the top or open inwards from hinges at the side. This is the most common type of window in Germany, its country of origin. It is also widespread in many other European countries. In Europe, it is usual for these to be of the "turn first" type. i.e. when the handle is turned to 90 degrees the window opens in the side hung mode. With the handle turned to 180 degrees the window opens in bottom hung mode. Most usually in the UK the windows will be "tilt first" i.e. bottom hung at 90 degrees for ventilation and side hung at 180 degrees for cleaning the outer face of the glass from inside the building.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://glawindows.com/tilt-and-turn-windows-5/ |title=Tilt-and-Turn Windows Gain Popularity |date=June 11, 2021 |access-date=January 25, 2023 |archive-date=January 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125064841/https://glawindows.com/tilt-and-turn-windows-5/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Transom ===
A transom window is a window above a door. In an exterior door the [[Transom (architectural)|transom]] window is often fixed, in an interior door, it can open either by hinges at top or bottom, or rotate on hinges. It provided ventilation before forced air heating and cooling. A fan-shaped transom is known as a fanlight, especially in the British Isles.

=== Side light ===
Windows beside a door or window are called side-, wing-, margen-lights, and flanking windows.<ref>Curl, James Stevens. "Flanking window". ''A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture''. 2nd ed. Oxford England: Oxford University Press, 2006. 285. Print.</ref>

=== Jalousie window ===
[[File:Jalousie2.jpg|thumb|Jalousie or [[louver]]ed window]]

Also known as a [[louver]]ed window, the [[jalousie window]] consists of parallel slats of glass or [[Poly(methyl methacrylate)|acrylic]] that open and close like a [[Venetian blind]], usually using a crank or a lever. They are used extensively in tropical architecture. A jalousie door is a door with a jalousie window.

=== Clerestory ===
{{Main|Clerestory}}

[[File:Paris 12-22 (16249805806).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Clerestory]] windows in the [[Notre-Dame de Paris|Notre-Dame]] (Paris)]]

A clerestory window is a window set in a [[roof]] structure or high in a wall, used for [[Daylighting (architecture)|daylighting]].

=== Skylight ===
{{Main|Daylighting (architecture)|Skylight}}

[[File:BurlingtonHousePavementWindow.jpg|thumbnail|Sidewalk skylight (also named '[[pavement light]]') outside [[Burlington House]], [[London]]]]

A [[skylight]] is a window built into a roof structure.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TopgKO4x_2kC&q=skylight+is+window+built+into+roof&pg=PA223|title=Construction Estimating Reference Data|last=Sarviel|first=Ed|date=1993|publisher=Craftsman Book Company|isbn=978-0-934041-84-3|language=en}}</ref> This type of window allows for natural daylight and moonlight.

=== Roof ===
[[File:EdenProjectRoof.jpg|thumbnail|Hexagonal external cladding panels of a roof in [[Eden Project]] Biomes ([[Cornwall]], England)]]

A ''roof window'' is a sloped window used for [[Daylighting (architecture)|daylighting]], built into a [[roof]] structure. It is one of the few windows that could be used as an exit. Larger [[roof window]]s meet building codes for emergency evacuation.

=== Roof lantern ===
{{Main|Roof lantern}}

A roof lantern is a multi-paned glass structure, resembling a small building, built on a roof for day or moon light. Sometimes includes an additional [[clerestory]]. May also be called a [[cupola]].

=== Bay ===
{{Main|Bay window}}

[[File:2014 Kłodzko, pl. Chrobrego 13 03.JPG|thumb|[[Bay window]]s in [[Kłodzko]], Poland]]

A [[bay window]] is a multi-panel window, with at least three panels set at different angles to create a protrusion from the wall line.<ref name="Window" />

==== Oriel ====
{{Main|Oriel window}}

An ''oriel window'' is a form of bay window. This form most often appears in Tudor-style houses and monasteries. It projects from the wall and does not extend to the ground. Originally a form of porch, they are often supported by brackets or corbels.

=== Thermal ===
{{Main|Diocletian window}}

Thermal, or [[Diocletian window|Diocletian]], windows are large semicircular windows (or niches) which are usually divided into three lights (window compartments) by two mullions. The central compartment is often wider than the two side lights on either side of it.

=== Picture ===
A ''picture window'' is a large fixed window in a wall, typically without [[glazing bar]]s, or glazed with only perfunctory glazing bars ([[muntin]]s) near the edge of the window. Picture windows provide an unimpeded view, as if framing a picture.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.thefreedictionary.com/picture+window |title=Picture window |work=[[The Free Dictionary]] |publisher=Farlex |access-date=May 19, 2012}}</ref>

=== Multi-lite ===
A ''multi-lite window'' is a window glazed with small panes of glass separated by wooden or lead ''glazing bars'', or ''[[muntins]]'', arranged in a decorative ''glazing pattern'' often dictated by the building's architectural style. Due to the historic unavailability of large panes of glass, the multi-lit (or ''lattice window'') was the most common window style until the beginning of the 20th century, and is still used in traditional architecture.

=== Emergency exit/egress ===
An ''[[emergency exit]] window'' is a window big enough and low enough so that occupants can escape through the opening in an emergency, such as a fire. In many countries, exact specifications for emergency windows in bedrooms are given in many [[building code]]s. Specifications for such windows may also allow for the entrance of emergency rescuers. Vehicles, such as buses, aircraft, and trains frequently have emergency exit windows as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/documents/outreach/bus/PreTrip-SafetyBrochure-Pull.pdf |title=U.S. Dept. of Transportation: Safety information for bus/motorcoach passengers |access-date=February 11, 2012}}</ref>

=== Stained glass ===
{{Main|Stained glass}}

[[File:Nasir-al molk -1.jpg|thumb|left|Sunlight shining through stained glass, [[Nasir-ol-molk Mosque]], [[Shiraz]], Iran]]
A [[stained glass window]] is a window composed of pieces of colored glass, [[transparency (optics)|transparent, translucent]] or [[Opacity (optics)|opaque]], frequently portraying persons or scenes. Typically the glass in these windows is separated by lead glazing bars. Stained glass windows were popular in [[Victorian era|Victorian]] houses and some [[Frank Lloyd Wright|Wrightian]] houses, and are especially common in [[Church (building)|churches]].<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.thefreedictionary.com/stained+glass+window|title=Stained glass |work=[[The Free Dictionary]] |publisher=Farlex |access-date=May 19, 2012}}</ref>

=== French ===
A [[French door]]<ref>''[https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/French%20door French Door]'', ''[[Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary]]'', access date July 4, 2017</ref> has two columns of upright rectangular glass panes (lights) extending its full length; and two of these doors on an exterior wall and without a [[mullion]] separating them, that open outward with opposing hinges to a [[Terrace (building)|terrace]] or porch, are referred to as a '''French window'''.<ref>''[https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/French%20window French window]'', ''[[Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary]]'', access date July 4, 2017</ref> Sometimes these are set in pairs or multiples thereof along the exterior wall of a very large room, but often, one French window is placed centrally in a typically sized room, perhaps among other fixed windows flanking the feature. French windows are known as ''porte-fenêtre'' in France and ''portafinestra'' in Italy, and frequently are used in modern houses.

{{multiple image
| align             = center
| footer            = A "French window" (two French doors on an exterior wall hinged to open outward together without a [[mullion]] separating them) at the [[List of diplomatic missions of France|Embassy of France]] in [[Lisbon]], early 20th century
| width1            = 150
| image1            = Legation de France a Lisbonne (interieur).jpg
| width2            = 149
| image2            = Legation de France a Lisbonne (véranda).jpg
}}

=== Double-paned ===
{{Main|Insulated glazing}}

[[File:New-windows-installed.jpg|thumb|Double panel windows, also sometimes called dual pane windows, are windows that have two panes of glass inset into the frame of the window. The panes of glass are separated, creating an insulating air pocket that inhibits heat transfer much better than single pane windows.]]

''Double-paned windows'' have two parallel panes (slabs of glass) with a separation of typically about 1&nbsp;cm; this space is permanently sealed and filled at the time of manufacture with dry air or other dry nonreactive gas. Such windows provide a marked improvement in [[thermal insulation]] (and usually in acoustic insulation as well) and are resistant to fogging and frosting caused by temperature differential. They are widely used for residential and commercial construction in intemperate climates. In the UK, double-paned and triple-paned are referred to as double-[[Glazing (window)|glazing]] and triple-glazing. Triple-paned windows are now a common type of glazing in central to northern Europe. [[Quadruple glazing]] is now being introduced in Scandinavia.

=== Hexagonal window ===
{{Main|Hexagonal window}}

[[File:Mustosen talon ikkuna 1870 1.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Hexagonal window]]]]

A [[hexagonal window]] is a [[hexagon]]-shaped window, resembling a bee cell or crystal lattice of graphite. The window can be vertically or horizontally oriented, openable or dead. It can also be regular or elongately-shaped and can have a separator ([[mullion]]). Typically, the cellular window is used for an attic or as a decorative feature, but it can also be a major architectural element to provide the natural lighting inside buildings.

=== Guillotine window ===
A ''guillotine window'' is a window that opens vertically. Guillotine windows have more than one sliding frame, and open from bottom to top or top to bottom.