Editing Wise use movement (section)

==Ron Arnold and wise use==
The Wise Use movement first gained prominence in 1988 when [[Ron Arnold]], a vice-president of the [[Center for the Defense of Free Enterprise]], helped an organize conference that led to adoption of a 25-point "Wise Use Agenda".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.clearproject.org/reports_cdfe.html |title=Clear Profile: Ron Arnold |website=www.clearproject.org |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041020122541/http://www.clearproject.org/reports_cdfe.html |archive-date=20 October 2004 |url-status=dead}}</ref> This agenda included initiatives seeking unrestricted commercial use of public lands for timber, mining, and oil, and to open recreational wilderness areas for easier access by the general public. Critics point out that Ron Arnold has been quoted as saying his goal is to "destroy the environmental movement".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://egj.lib.uidaho.edu/egj11/boston1.html |title=Exploring Anti-Environmentalism in the Context of Sustainability |access-date=30 November 2006 |archive-date=15 May 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070515053021/http://egj.lib.uidaho.edu/egj11/boston1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><!-- context and an explanation of what he meant would be helpful here -->

According to Arnold, many in the wise use movement believe the possibility of unlimited [[economic growth]], in which environmental and social problems can be mitigated by [[market economy]] and the use of technology. In his book ''Ecology Wars'', which has been called the "Bible" of the wise use movement, Arnold writes: "Environmentalism is an institutionalized movement of certain people with a certain ideology about man and nature"<ref name=botkin/> and that "the goal of our ecology wars should be to defeat environmentalism."<ref name=botkin/> Arnold claims that environmentalism is "the excess baggage of anti-technology, of anti-civilization, of anti-humanity, and of institutionalized lust for political power."<ref name=botkin>Daniel B. Botkin (2000), ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=OvF40zunJR4C&dq=%22ecology+wars&pg=PA41 No man's garden: Thoreau and a new vision for civilization and nature]'', Island Press, p41</ref>

===Access to public lands===

In the 1980s and 1990s, the management focus on public lands shifted from the harvest of [[timber]] to ecological goals such as improvement of habitat, largely as a response to the environmental movement.{{according to whom|date=September 2016}} The resultant reduction in timber harvest contributed to the closure of sawmills and the layoff of loggers and other workers. Some members of the wise use movement{{who|date=September 2016}} objected to what they saw as a shifting of control of federal land resources from local to outside, urban interests. They argued that the [[United States National Forest|National Forest]]s were established for the benefit of the local community. They cite [[Gifford Pinchot]], who wrote "It is the duty of the Forest Service to see to it that the timber, water-powers, mines, and every other resource of the forests is used for the benefit of the people who live in the neighborhood or who may have a share in the welfare of each locality."{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} Wise use members have also argued that continued access to public lands is necessary to maintain the health, culture and traditions of local communities.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}}

[[Jill M. Belsky]], a professor of Rural & Environmental Sociology at the University of Montana, wrote:
:"there is a pattern for rural peoples and communities to be viewed as destroyers of nature in the United States, given their reliance on extractive industries such as mining, logging, grazing and commercial, petrochemical based-farming; and they provided political action in support of these industries. Given this history, it is not surprising that there has been a reluctance on the part of conservationists to envision how rural peoples and rural livelihoods could have played any significant role in the formation of wildlands or in any potential role they could play in the restoration and protection of large wildlands in the future. In the United States policy emphasizes ecosystems and ecosystem management. But while I understand this logic, I think it underestimates the importance of rural places, peoples and livelihoods in the management of large wildlands."<ref name=belsky>Belsky, Jill M. (2000), [http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_p015_1/rmrs_p015_1_039_047.pdf Changing Human Relationships With Nature: Making and Remaking Wilderness Science], ''USDA Forest Service Proceedings'', RMRS-P-15-VOL-1. 2000</ref>