Editing Zero copula (section)

===Turkic languages===
{{further|Turkish copula}}
There is a contrast between the regular verb "to be" ({{lang|tr|[[wikt:olmak|olmak]]}}) and the copulative/auxiliary verb "to be" ({{lang|tr|[[wikt:imek|imek]]}}) in [[Turkish language|Turkish]].

The auxiliary verb {{lang|tr|imek}} shows its existence only through suffixes to predicates that can be nouns, adjectives or arguably conjugated verb stems, arguably being the only [[irregular verb]] in Turkish. In the third person, zero copula is the rule, as in Hungarian or Russian. For example:

:{| border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="1"
| align=left | || align=right | || align=left |
|-
| {{lang|tr|Deniz mavi.}}
| "[The] sea [is] blue." || (the auxiliary verb {{lang|tr|i-mek}} is implied only);
|-
| {{lang|tr|Ben maviyim.}}
| "I am blue." || (the auxiliary verb {{lang|tr|i-mek}} appears in {{lang|tr|(y)im}}.)
|}

The ''essential'' copula is possible in the third person singular:{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}}

:{| border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="1"
| align=left | || align=right | || align=left |
|-
| {{lang|tr|Deniz mavidir.}}
| "[The] sea is (always, characteristically) blue."
|}

In [[Tatar language|Tatar]], {{lang|tt|dir}} expresses doubt rather than a characteristic. The origin of {{lang|tt|dir}} is the verb {{lang|tt|durmak}}, with a similar meaning to the Latin {{lang|la|stare}}.

In the modern Tatar language copula is a disappearing grammatical phenomenon and is only rarely used with the first and second person (while the third person copula has fallen completely out of use).<ref>{{cite book |title= Татар грамматикасы|volume= 2|edition= 2|last= Зәкиев|first= М.З.|publisher= Казан: ТӘһСИ|year= 2016|pages= 56{{hyphen}}57|url= http://antat.ru/ru/iyli/publishing/book/2016/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_2.pdf#page=55}}</ref> In the past there was a full paradigm for all persons:

:{| border="0" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="1"
| align=left | || align=right | || align=left |
|-
| 
| Singular || Plural
|-
| I person
| -мын/-мен || -быз/-без
|-
| II person
| -сың/-сең || -сыз/-сез
|-
| III person
| -дыр/-дер (-тыр/тер) || -дыр/-дер (-тыр/тер)
|}

For example: {{lang|tt|Мин укытучымын}} ({{lang|tt-Latn|Min ukıtuçımın}}, "I'm a teacher"), {{lang|tt|Син укытучысың}} ({{lang|tt-Latn|Sin ukıtuçısıñ}}, "You're a teacher"), {{lang|tt|Ул укытучыдыр}} ({{lang|tt-Latn|Ul ukıtuçıdır}}, "He/She's a teacher"). While the copulas for the first and second person are historically derived from personal pronouns, the third person copula comes from the verb {{lang|tt|тор}} ({{lang|tt-Latn|tor}}, "stand, live, exist"). For negation the copula affix is attached to the negative particle {{lang|tt|түгел}} ({{lang|tt-Latn|tügel}}): {{lang|tt|Мин язучы түгелмен}} ({{lang|tt-Latn|Min yazuçı tügelmen}}, "I'm not a writer"). The copula is only used with nouns. Sometimes the noun can be in the locative case: {{lang|tt|Сез өйдәсез}} ({{lang|tt-Latn|Sez öydäsez}}, "You are at home").