Editing Medieval weights and measures (section)

== Turkish system ==

=== Length ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Measure
!Metric
|-
|merhale
|45480 m.
|-
|fersah
|5685 m.
|-
|berid
|227 m.
|-
|kulaç
|1.89 m.
|-
|arşın
|0.68 m.
|-
|endaze
|0.65 m.
|-
|rubu
|0.085 m.
|-
|hat
|0.00263 m.
|}

* '''Mimar arşını = 77 cm = 24 Parmak'''

* 12 Parmak = 1 Kadem

* 1 Kadem = 36,6666 cm
* 1 Parmak= 3,1573 cm
* 1 Hat = 0,2631 cm
* 1 Nokta = 0,0219 cm
* '''Çarşı Arşını'''
* 1 çarşı arşını = 68 cm=8 rubu
* 1 rubu=8,5 cm=2 kerah
* 1 kerah=4,25 cm

=== Area ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Measure
!Metric
|-
|dönüm (new)
|2720 m²
|-
|dönüm (old)
|919 m²
|}

* 1 arşın (zirai)² = 0,57417 m² = 4 ayak²
* 1 dönüm (yeni) = 2500 m²
* 1 dönüm (büyük) = 2720 m²
* 1 dönüm (atik) = 4 evlek = 1600 zirai² = 918,672 m² (bir kenarı 40 arşın (zirai) olan kare)
* 1 atik evlek = 400 arşın² = 229,668 m²
* 1 yeni evlek = 100 m²
* 1 cerip = 3600 zirai² = 2067,012 m²
* 1 ayak² = 144 parmak² = 0,14354 m²
* 1 parmak² = 144 hat² = 0,00099751 m²
* 1 hat² = 144 nokta² = 0,000006927 m² " 1 çarşı arşın² = 0,46240 m²
* 1 urup² = 0,007225 m²
* 1 kirah² = 0,0018062 m²
* 1 endâze² = 0,422500 m²
* 1 urup² = 0,0066015 m²
* 1 ar=100 m²

=== Volume ===

* kile (İstanbul) 0,037 m³ = 37 lt.
* şinik 0,00925 m³ = 9,25 lt.

=== Weight ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Measure
!Metric
|-
|çeki
|225,789 kg.
|-
|kantar
|56,449 kg.
|-
|batman
|7,697 kg.
|-
|okka
|1,282 kg.
|-
|miskal
|1 miskal = 1,5 dirhem
|-
|dirhem
|0,003207 kg. = 3,207 gr.
|-
|kırat
|0,0002004 kg. = 0,2004 gr.
|}

==== Okka ====

* 1 tonilato = 4 çeki
* 1 çeki = 4 kantar
* 1 kantar = 44 okka(kıyye)
* 1 batman = 6 okka(kıyye)
* 1 okka(kıyye) = 400 dirhem

==== Dirhem ====

* 1 dirhem = 4 dönük
* 1 dönük = 4 kırat
* 1 kırat = 4 bakray
* 1 bakray = 4 fitil
* 1 fitil = 2 nekir
* 1 nekir = 2 kıtmir
* 1 kıtmir = 2 zerre

=== Time ===

* Menzil = 80 second

=== Ottoman units ===
The [[Ottoman Empire]] (1299–1923), the predecessor of modern [[Turkey]] was one of the 17 signatories of the [[Metre Convention]] in 1875. For 58 years both the international and the traditional units were in use, but after the proclamation of the Turkish Republic, the traditional units became obsolete. In 1931 by Act No. 1782, international units became compulsory and the traditional units were banned from use starting 1 January 1933.

==== Length ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Local name
!In English
!Equivalence
!In modern units 
|-
|''nokta''
|نقطه
|point
|
|0.219 mm (0.0086 in)
|-
|''hat''
|خط‎
|line
|12 ''nokta''
|2.63 mm (0.104 in)
|-
|''parmak''
|پرمق
|finger
|12 ''hat''
|31.57 mm (1.243 in)
|-
|''kerrab'' or ''kirab''
|
|
|
|42.5 mm (1.67 in)
|-
|''rubu'' or ''urup''
|
|
|2 ''kerrab''
|85 mm (3.3 in)
|-
|''ayak'' or ''[[kadem]]''
|آیاق
|foot
|12 ''parmak''
|378.87 mm (1.2430 ft)
|-
|''[[endaze]]''
|
|[[ell]]
|
|650 mm (2.13 ft)
|-
|''[[arşın]]''
|آرشين or آرشون
|ell
|
|68 cm (2.23 ft)
|-
|''zirai''
|
|agricultural/yard
|2 ''ayak''
|757.74 mm (2.4860 ft)
|-
|''kulaç''
|
|[[fathom]]
|
|1.8288 m (6.000 ft)
|-
|''berid'' or ''menzil''
|بريد or منزل
|range
|600 ''ayak''
|227 m (745 ft)
|-
|''eski mil''
|
|nautical mile
|5,000 ''ayak''
|1,894.35 m (1.02287 nmi)
|-
|''[[Parasang|fersah]]''
|فرسخ
|[[League (unit)|league]]
|3 ''eski mil''
|5,685 m (3.532 mi)
|-
|''[[merhale]]''
|مرحلة
|stage, phase
|200 ''berid''
|45.48 km (28.26 mi)
|}

==== Area ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Local name
!In English
!In modern units
|-
|''eski dönüm''
|اسكی دونوم
|old [[dunam]]
|919 m<sup>2</sup> (9,890 sq ft)
|-
|''büyük dönüm''
|بیوك دونوم
|big dunam
|2,720 m<sup>2</sup> (29,300 sq ft)
|}

==== Volume ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Local name
!In English
!Equivalence
!In modern units
|-
|''[[Şinik (unit)|şinik]]''
|
|[[peck]]
|
|9.25 L (2.44 US gal)
|-
|''[[Kile (unit)|kile]]'' ([[Istanbul]])
|كيله‎
|[[bushel]]
|4 ''şinik''
|37 L (9.8 US gal)
|}

==== Weight ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Local name
!In English
!Equivalence
!In modern units
|-
|''kırat''
|قيراط
|[[Carat (mass)|carat]]
|
|0.2004 g (1.002 carats)
|-
|''dirhem''
|درهم
|(Turkish) dram
|16 ''kırat''
|3.207 g (0.1131 oz)
|-
|''[[Oka (mass)|okka]]''
|اوقه
|oka
|400 ''dirhem''
|1.282 kg (2.83 lb)
|-
|''miskal''
|مثقال
|
|1.5 ''dirhem''
|4.25 g (0.150 oz)
|-
|''[[Batman (unit)|batman]]''
|بطمان
|
|6 ''okka''
|7.697 kg (16.97 lb)
|-
|''kantar''
|قنطار
|weighbridge
|
|56.449 kg (124.45 lb)
|-
|''çeki''
|چكی
|
|4 ''kantar''
|225.789 kg (497.78 lb)
|}

==== Volumetric flow ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Local name
!In modern units
|-
|''hilal''
|هلال
|0.6526 L/min 
|-
|''çuvaldız''
|
|1.125 L/min
|-
|''masura''
|
|4.5 L/min
|-
|''kamış''
|قامش
|9 L/min
|-
|''lüle''
|لوله
|36 L/min
|}

==== Time ====
The traditional calendar of the Ottoman Empire was, like in most [[Muslim]] countries, the [[Islamic calendar]]. Its era begins from the [[Hegira|Hijra]] in 622 CE and each year is calculated using the 12 Arabian lunar months, approximately eleven days shorter than a Gregorian solar year. In 1839, however, a second calendar was put in use for official matters. The new calendar, which was called the [[Rumi calendar|Rumi]] also began by 622, but with an annual duration equal to a solar year after 1840. In modern Turkey, the [[Gregorian calendar]] was adopted as the legal calendar, beginning by the end of 1925. But the Islamic calendar is still used when discussing dates in an Islamic context.