Editing Dubbing (section)

====General films and programming====
In the [[French language|French]]-, [[Italian language|Italian]]-, [[Spanish language|Spanish]]-, [[German language|German]]-, [[Russian language|Russian]]-, [[Polish language|Polish]]-, [[Czech language|Czech]]-, [[Slovak language|Slovak]]- and [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]-speaking markets of [[Europe]], almost all foreign films and television shows are dubbed (with the main exception being the majority of theatrical releases of adult-audience movies in the [[Czech Republic]] and [[Slovakia]]). There are few opportunities to watch foreign movies in their original versions. In [[Spain]], [[Italy]], [[Germany]] and [[Austria]], even in the largest cities, there are few cinemas that screen original versions with [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]], or without any translation. However, digital [[pay-TV]] programming is often available in the original language, including the latest movies. Prior to the rise of DVDs (and later [[Video on demand|Video on Demand]] and [[Streaming media|Streaming]]), which in these countries are mostly issued with multi-language audio tracks, original-language films (those in languages other than the country's official language) were rare, whether in theaters, on TV, or on home video, and subtitled versions were considered a product for small [[niche market]]s such as intellectual or [[art film]]s.