Editing Etruscan language (section)

===Borrowings from and to Etruscan===
Only a few hundred words of the Etruscan vocabulary are understood with some certainty. The exact count depends on whether the different forms and the expressions are included. Below is a table of some of the words grouped by topic.<ref>The words in this table come from the Glossaries of Bonfante (1990) and Pallottino. The latter also gives a grouping by topic on pages 275 following, the last chapter of the book.</ref>

Some words with corresponding Latin or other Indo-European forms are likely [[loanword]]s to or from Etruscan. For example, {{Transliteration|ett|neftś}} 'nephew', is probably from Latin (Latin {{Lang|la|nepōs}}'','' {{Lang|la|nepōtis}}; this is a cognate of German {{Lang|de|Neffe}}, Old Norse {{Lang|non-latn|nefi}}). A number of [[wikt:Category:Latin terms derived from Etruscan|words and names]] for which Etruscan origin has been proposed survive in Latin.

The word {{Transliteration|ett|pera}} 'house' is a [[false cognate]] to the [[Coptic language|Coptic]] {{Transliteration|cop|per}} 'house'.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sites.davidson.edu/csa/the-etruscan-language/ |title=The Etruscan Language : CSA |access-date=2014-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602084951/http://sites.davidson.edu/csa/the-etruscan-language/ |archive-date=2015-06-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In addition to words believed to have been borrowed into Etruscan from Indo-European or elsewhere, there is a corpus of words such as {{Lang|la|familia}} which seem to have been borrowed into Latin from the older Etruscan civilization as a [[linguistic superstratum|superstrate]] influence.<ref>Theo Vennemann, ''Germania Semitica'', p. 123, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2012.</ref> Some of these words still have widespread currency in [[English language|English]] and [[Latin|Latin-influenced]] languages. Other words believed to have a possible Etruscan origin include:
{{main|List of English words of Etruscan origin}}

; [[arena]] : from {{Transliteration|ett|arēna}} 'arena' < {{Transliteration|ett|harēna}}, 'arena, sand' < archaic {{Transliteration|ett|hasēna}} < Sabine {{Transliteration|sbv|fasēna}}, unknown Etruscan word as the basis for ''fas-'' with Etruscan ending ''-ēna''.<ref>Breyer (1993) p. 259.</ref>
; [[belt (clothing)|belt]] : from {{Transliteration|ett|balteus}}, 'sword belt'; the sole connection between this word and Etruscan is a statement by [[Marcus Terentius Varro]] that it was of Etruscan origin. All else is speculation.<ref>{{cite book|title=Varronianus: A Critical and Historical Introduction to the Ethnography of Ancient Italy and to the Philological Study of the Latin Language|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924021611466|first=John William|last= Donaldson|page=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924021611466/page/n190 154]|edition=2|publisher=J. W. Parker & Son|year=1852|location=London, Cambridge}} Breyer (1993) pp. 428–429 reports on an attempt to bring in Hittite and Gothic connecting it with a totally speculative root *-lst-.</ref>
; [[Market (economics)|market]] : from Latin {{Lang|la|mercātus}}, of obscure origin, perhaps Etruscan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=market|title=market - Origin and meaning of market |website=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref>
; [[military]] : from Latin {{Lang|la|mīles}} 'soldier'; either from Etruscan or related to Greek {{Transliteration|grc|homilos}}, 'assembled crowd' (compare ''homily'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=military&allowed_in_frame=0|title=military – Origin and meaning of military |website=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref>
; [[person]] : from Middle English {{Lang|enm|persone}}, from Old French {{Lang|fro|persone}}, from Latin {{Lang|la|persōna}}, 'mask', probably from Etruscan {{Transliteration|ett|phersu}}, 'mask'.<ref>American Heritage Dictionary, New College Edition, p. 978</ref>
; [[satellite (disambiguation)|satellite]] : from Latin {{Lang|la|satelles}}, meaning 'bodyguard, attendant', perhaps from Etruscan {{Transliteration|ett|satnal}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=satellite&allowed_in_frame=0|title=satellite - Origin and meaning of satellite |website=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref> Whatmough considers Latin ''satelles'' "as one of our securest Etruscan loans in Latin."<ref>Whatmough, M. ''Studies in Etruscan loanwords in Latin'' PhD thesis, University College London. 2017. p.251. https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10121058/1/Studies_in_the_Etruscan_loanwo.pdf</ref>