Editing ARM architecture family (section)

==Operating system support==

===32-bit operating systems===

====Historical operating systems====
The first 32-bit ARM-based personal computer, the [[Acorn Archimedes]], was originally intended to run an ambitious operating system called [[ARX (operating system)|ARX]]. The machines shipped with [[RISC OS]], which was also used on later ARM-based systems from Acorn and other vendors. Some early Acorn machines were also able to run a [[Unix]] port called [[RISC iX]]. (Neither is to be confused with [[MIPS RISC/os|RISC/os]], a contemporary Unix variant for the MIPS architecture.)

====Embedded operating systems====
The 32-bit ARM architecture is supported by a large number of [[embedded operating system|embedded]] and [[real-time operating system]]s, including:

{{Div col}}
* [[A2 (operating system)|A2]]
* [[Android (operating system)|Android]]
* [[ChibiOS/RT]]
* [[Deos]]
* [[DRYOS]]
* [[eCos]]
* [[embOS]]
* [[FreeBSD]]
* [[FreeRTOS]]
* [[Integrity (operating system)|INTEGRITY]]
* [[Linux kernel|Linux]]
* [[Micro-Controller Operating Systems]]
* [[Mbed]]
* [[MINIX 3]]
* [[MQX]]
* [[Nucleus RTOS|Nucleus PLUS]]
* [[NuttX]]
* [[L4 microkernel family|OKL4]]
* [[Operating System Embedded]] (OSE)
* [[OS-9]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.microware.com/index.php/specifications |title=OS-9 Specifications |publisher=[[Microware]]}}</ref>
* Pharos<ref name="Pharos">{{cite web |url=https://sourceforge.net/projects/rtospharos/ |title=Pharos |website=SourceForge |access-date=24 May 2018}}</ref>
* [[Plan 9 from Bell Labs|Plan 9]]
* [[PikeOS]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arm.com/community/partners/display_product/rw/ProductId/4201/ |title=PikeOS Safe and Secure Virtualization |access-date=10 July 2013}}</ref>
* [[QNX]]
* [[RIOT (operating system)|RIOT]]
* [[RTEMS]]
* [[RTXC Quadros]]
* SCIOPTA<ref name="sciopta">{{cite web |url=http://www.sciopta.com/cpu/cpu.html |title=Safety Certified Real-Time Operating Systems – Supported CPUs}}</ref>
* [[ThreadX]]
* [[TizenRT]]
* [[T-Kernel]]
* [[VxWorks]]
* [[Windows CE|Windows Embedded Compact]]
* [[Windows 10 IoT Core]]
* [[Zephyr (operating system)|Zephyr]]
{{Div col end}}

====Mobile device operating systems====
As of March 2024, the 32-bit ARM architecture used to be the primary hardware environment for most mobile device operating systems such as the following but many of these platforms such as Android and Apple iOS have evolved to the 64-bit ARM architecture:

{{Div col}}
* [[Android (operating system)|Android]]<!--going with Android here as alphabetical and most popular, but not chronological..: -->
* [[ChromeOS]]
* [[Mobian]]
* [[Sailfish OS|Sailfish]]
* [[postmarketOS]]
* [[Tizen]]
* [[Ubuntu Touch]]
* [[webOS]]
{{Div col end}}

Formerly, but now discontinued:
{{Div col}}
* [[Bada (operating system)|Bada]]
* [[BlackBerry OS]]/[[BlackBerry 10]]
* [[Firefox OS]]
* [[MeeGo]]
* [[Newton OS]]
* [[iOS]] 10 and earlier
* [[Symbian]]
* [[Windows 10 Mobile]]
* [[Windows RT]]
* [[Windows Phone]]
* [[Windows Mobile]]
{{Div col end}}

====Desktop and server operating systems====
The 32-bit ARM architecture is supported by RISC OS and by multiple [[Unix-like]] operating systems including:
* [[FreeBSD]]
* [[NetBSD]]
* [[OpenBSD]]
* [[OpenSolaris]]<ref>{{cite web |title=ARM Platform Port |url=http://hub.opensolaris.org/bin/view/Project+osarm/WebHome |publisher=opensolaris.org |access-date=29 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202082808/http://hub.opensolaris.org/bin/view/Project%2Bosarm/WebHome |archive-date=2 December 2012}}</ref>
* several [[Linux]] distributions, such as:
** [[Debian]]
** [[Armbian]]
** [[Gentoo Linux|Gentoo]]
** [[Ubuntu]]
** [[Raspberry Pi OS]] (formerly Raspbian)
** [[Slackware ARM|Slackware]]

===64-bit operating systems===

====Embedded operating systems====
* [[Integrity (operating system)|INTEGRITY]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ghs.com/news/20160105_CES_CTS_INTEGRITY-64-bit-virtual.html |title=Green Hills Software's INTEGRITY-based Multivisor Delivers Embedded Industry's First 64-bit Secure Virtualization Solution |website=ghs.com |access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref>
* [[Operating System Embedded|OSE]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.enea.com/products/operating-systems/enea-ose/ |title=Enea OSE real-time operating system for 5G and LTE-A {{!}} Enea |website=enea.com |access-date=17 April 2018 |archive-date=1 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101024154/https://www.enea.com/products/operating-systems/enea-ose/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* SCIOPTA<ref name="sciopta"/>
* [[L4 microkernel family#High assurance: seL4|seL4]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://docs.sel4.systems/Hardware/ |title=Supported Platforms |website=docs.sel4.systems |access-date=23 November 2018}}</ref>
* Pharos<ref name="Pharos"/>
* [[FreeRTOS]]
* [[QNX]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://blackberry.qnx.com/en/sdp7 |title=QNX Software Development Platform (SDP 7.0) {{!}} BlackBerry QNX |website=blackberry.qnx.com |access-date=27 July 2020}}</ref>
* [[VxWorks]]<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://windriver.com/news/press/news-8881 |title=Wind River Releases 64-Bit VxWorks RTOS |date=28 February 2011 |publisher=[[Wind River Systems]] |access-date=24 October 2023}}</ref>
* [[Zephyr (operating system)|Zephyr]]

====Mobile device operating systems====
* [[Android (operating system)|Android]] supports Armv8-A in [[Android Lollipop]] (5.0) and later.
* [[iOS]] supports Armv8-A in [[iOS 7]] and later on 64-bit [[Apple silicon|Apple SoC]]s. [[iOS 11]] and later, and [[iPadOS]], only support 64-bit ARM processors and applications.
* [[HarmonyOS NEXT]] was developed specifically for ARM processors, starting from its launch in 2024.
* [[Mobian]]
* [[PostmarketOS]]
* [[Arch Linux ARM]]
* [[Manjaro]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wiki.manjaro.org/index.php/Manjaro-ARM |title=Manjaro-ARM |website=Manjaro wiki |date=20 June 2022}}</ref>

====Desktop and server operating systems====
* Support for Armv8-A was merged into the [[Linux kernel]] version 3.7 in late 2012.<ref>{{cite mailing list |url=https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/10/1/317 |title=Re: &#91;GIT PULL&#93; arm64: Linux kernel port |date=1 October 2012 |author=Linus Torvalds |mailing-list=Linux kernel mailing list |access-date=2 May 2019}}</ref> Armv8-A is supported by a number of [[Linux distribution]]s, such as:
** [[Debian]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTMxMzU |title=64-bit ARM Version of Ubuntu/Debian Is Booting |last=Larabel |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Larabel |publisher=[[Phoronix]] |date=27 February 2013 |access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.debian.org/News/weekly/2014/12/#debianportsarms |title=Debian Project News – August 14th, 2014 |publisher=[[Debian]] |date=14 August 2014 |access-date=17 August 2014}}</ref>
** [[Armbian]]
** [[Alpine Linux]]
** [[Ubuntu]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ubuntu.com/download/server/arm |title=Ubuntu Server for ARM |website=ubuntu.com}}</ref>
** [[Fedora Linux|Fedora]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Architectures/AArch64 |title=Architectures/AArch64 |access-date=16 January 2015}}</ref>
** [[NixOS]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wiki.nixos.org/wiki/NixOS_on_ARM |title=NixOS on ARM |access-date=21 March 2025}}</ref>
** [[openSUSE]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.opensuse.org/Portal:ARM/AArch64 |title=Portal:ARM/AArch64 |access-date=16 January 2015}}</ref>
** [[SUSE Linux Enterprise]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.suse.com/releasenotes/x86_64/SUSE-SLES/12-SP2/ |title=SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP2 Release Notes |access-date=11 November 2016}}</ref>
** [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux|RHEL]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/red-hat-introduces-arm-server-support-red-hat-enterprise-linux |title=Red Hat introduces ARM server support for Red Hat Enterprise Linux |website=redhat.com |access-date=18 January 2019}}</ref>
** [[Raspberry Pi OS]] (formerly Raspbian)
* Support for Armv8-A was merged into [[FreeBSD]] in late 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://freebsdfoundation.blogspot.com/2014/11/64-bit-arm-architecture-project-update.html |title=64-bit ARM architecture project update |publisher=The FreeBSD Foundation |date=24 November 2014}}</ref>
* [[OpenBSD]] has Armv8 support {{as of|2023|lc=true}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.openbsd.org/arm64.html |title=OpenBSD/arm64 |access-date=25 September 2023}}</ref>
* [[NetBSD]] has Armv8 support since early 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-arm/2018/04/01/msg004702.html |title=NetBSD/arm64 |access-date=5 August 2018}}</ref>
* [[Windows]] - [[Windows 10]] runs 32-bit "[[x86]] and 32-bit ARM applications",<ref>{{cite news |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/12/hp-asus-announce-first-windows-10-arm-pcs-20-hour-battery-life-gigabit-lte/ |title=HP, Asus announce first Windows 10 ARM PCs: 20-hour battery life, gigabit LTE |quote=This new version of Windows 10 is Microsoft's first 64-bit ARM operating system. It'll run x86 and 32-bit ARM applications from the Store, and in due course, 64-bit ARM applications. However, Microsoft hasn't yet finalised its 64-bit ARM SDK. Many pieces are in place (there's a 64-bit ARM compiler, for example), but the company isn't yet taking 64-bit ARM applications submitted to the Store, and there aren't any 64-bit ARM desktop applications either. |work=Ars Technica |access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref> as well as native ARM64 desktop apps;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mspoweruser.com/windows-arm64-gets-first-compiled-apps/ |title=Windows 10 on ARM64 gets its first compiled apps |website=MSPoweruser |first=Mehedi |last=Hassan |date=10 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2018-06-01-vlc-one-of-first-arm64-windows-apps.html |title=VLC becomes one of first ARM64 Windows apps |website=Engadget |first1=Katrina |last1=Filippidis |date=1 June 2018 }}</ref> [[Windows 11]] runs native ARM64 apps and can also run x86 and x86-64 apps via emulation. Support for 64-bit ARM apps in the [[Microsoft Store]] has been available since November 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://blogs.windows.com/windowsdeveloper/2018/11/15/official-support-for-windows-10-on-arm-development/ |title=Official support for Windows 10 on ARM development |website=Windows Blogs |department=Windows Developer |date=15 November 2018 |last1=Sweetgall |first1=Marc |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |access-date=17 December 2019}}</ref><!--Possibly Windows 10 IoT belongs here, but may have same "weak" support as Windows 10 Mobile. Do not add here without consensus/sure. See [[Talk:Windows 10 Mobile/Archive 2#No 64-bit ["ARMv8" support as implied in infobox?]: "Windows Mobile 10 without aarch64 support?"
]]-->
* [[macOS]] has ARM support since late 2020; the first release to support ARM is [[macOS Big Sur]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Gartenberg |first=Chaim |date=November 12, 2020 |title=macOS Big Sur is now available to download |work=[[The Verge]] |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/11/12/21562585/macos-11-big-sur-apple-mac-download-available-now |access-date=November 13, 2020}}</ref> Rosetta 2 adds support for [[x86-64]] applications but not virtualization of x86-64 computer platforms.<ref>{{cite news |last=Clover |first=Juli |date=June 23, 2020 |title=Rosetta Won't Support x86 Virtualization Apps Running Windows |work=[[MacRumors]] |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2020/06/23/rosetta-wont-support-x86-virtualization-windows/ |access-date=November 13, 2020}}</ref>

===Porting to 32- or 64-bit ARM operating systems===
Windows applications recompiled for ARM and linked with Winelib, from the [[Wine (software)|Wine]] project, can run on 32-bit or 64-bit ARM in Linux, FreeBSD, or other compatible operating systems.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wiki.winehq.org/ARM |title=ARM – The Official Wine Wiki |access-date=10 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://wiki.winehq.org/ARM64 |title=ARM64 – The Official Wine Wiki |access-date=10 July 2015}}</ref> x86 binaries, e.g. when not specially compiled for ARM, have been demonstrated on ARM using [[QEMU]] with Wine (on Linux and more<!--Android-->),{{citation needed|date=February 2018}} but do not work at full speed or same capability as with Winelib.