Editing Modafinil (section)

===Disorders of consciousness===
Modafinil has been studied for its potential therapeutic effects in patients with [[Disorder of consciousness|disorders of consciousness]].<ref name="pmid39019729"/> Researchers are investigating whether modafinil can stimulate [[neurotransmitter]]s such as [[histamine]], [[norepinephrine]], [[serotonin]], [[dopamine]], and [[orexin]], and whether modafinil has potential [[Anti-oxidative|anti-oxidative effects]].<ref name="pmid39019729">{{cite journal |vauthors=Barra ME, Solt K, Yu X, Edlow BL |title=Restoring consciousness with pharmacologic therapy: Mechanisms, targets, and future directions |journal=Neurotherapeutics |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=e00374 |date=July 2024 |pmid=39019729 |pmc=11452330 |doi=10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00374}}</ref>

Disorders of consciousness are states characterized by impaired arousal and awareness.<ref name="pmid39019729"/> These states include [[coma]], [[vegetative state]]/[[unresponsive wakefulness syndrome]] (VS/UWS), [[minimally conscious state]] (MCS), [[cognitive motor dissociation]], and [[covert cortical processing]].<ref name="pmid39019729"/> Brain injuries can impair consciousness through [[neuroanatomic lesions]] involving the [[bilateral cerebral hemispheres]], [[rostral brainstem]], [[diencephalon]], or [[basal forebrain]].<ref name="pmid39019729"/>

[[Neuroimaging]] studies have shown that modafinil increases [[cerebral blood flow]] in several brain regions, such as the [[thalamus]], [[locus coeruleus]], [[limbic system]], and [[insular cortex]];<ref name="pmid39019729"/> still, observational reports on the use of modafinil in patients with disorders of consciousness have produced mixed results, indicating that its effectiveness may vary among individuals.<ref name="pmid39019729"/>