Editing Psychoanalysis (section)

===Critical perspectives===
{{Further|Anti-psychiatry|Deinstitutionalisation}}
Contemporary philosophers [[Gilles Deleuze]] and [[Félix Guattari]] asserted that the institution of psychoanalysis has become a [[Power (social and political)|center of power]] and that its [[Confession|confessional techniques]] resemble [[Confession (religion)|those included and utilized]] within the [[Christianity|Christian religion]].<ref>[[Jeffrey Weeks (sociologist)|Weeks, Jeffrey]]. 1989. ''Sexuality and its Discontents: Meanings, Myths, and Modern Sexualities''. New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|978-0-415-04503-2}}. p. 176.</ref> Their most in-depth criticism of the power structure of psychoanalysis and its connivance with [[capitalism]] are found in ''[[Anti-Oedipus]]'' (1972)<ref>[[Gilles Deleuze|Deleuze, Gilles]], and [[Félix Guattari]]. 1984 [1972]. ''[[Anti-Oedipus|Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia]]''. London: Athlone. {{ISBN|978-0-485-30018-5}}.</ref> and ''[[A Thousand Plateaus]]'' (1980), the two volumes of their theoretical work ''[[Capitalism and Schizophrenia]]''.<ref name="Lecercle 2012">{{cite journal |last=Lecercle |first=Jean-Jacques |title=Machinations deleuzo-guattariennes |date=October 2012 |url=https://www.cairn-int.info/journal-actuel-marx-2012-2-page-108.htm?contenu=article |editor1-last=Ducange |editor1-first=Jean-Numa |editor2-last=Sibertin-Blanc |editor2-first=Guillaume |journal=Actuel Marx |publisher=P.U.F. |location=[[Paris]] |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=108–120 |doi=10.3917/amx.052.0108 |eissn=1969-6728 |isbn=978-2-13-059331-7 |issn=0994-4524 |via=[[Cairn.info]]|doi-access=free |url-access=subscription }}</ref> In ''Anti-Oedipus'', Deleuze and Guattari take the cases of [[Gérard Mendel]], [[Bela Grunberger]], and [[Janine Chasseguet-Smirgel]], prominent members of the most respected psychoanalytical associations (including the [[International Psychoanalytical Association|IPA]]), to suggest that, traditionally, psychoanalysis had always enthusiastically enjoyed and embraced a [[police state]] throughout its history.<ref>[[Gilles Deleuze|Deleuze, Gilles]], and [[Félix Guattari]]. 1984 [1972]. "The Disjunctive Synthesis of Recording." Section 2.4 in [[Anti-Oedipus|''Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia'']]. London: Athlone. {{ISBN|978-0-485-30018-5}}. p. 89.</ref>

French psychoanalyst [[Jacques Lacan]] criticized the emphasis of some American and British psychoanalytical traditions on what he viewed as the suggestion of imaginary "causes" for symptoms and recommended the return to Freud.<ref>[[Jacques Lacan|Lacan, Jacques]]. 1977. ''Ecrits: A Selection and The Seminars'', translated by [[Alan Sheridan]]. London: Tavistock.</ref>

Belgian psycholinguist and psychoanalyst [[Luce Irigaray]] also criticized psychoanalysis, employing [[Jacques Derrida]]'s concept of [[phallogocentrism]] to describe the exclusion of women from both Freudian and Lacanian psychoanalytical theories.<ref>{{citation |author = Irigaray L |title = Speculum |location = Paris |publisher = Minuit |year = 1974 |isbn = 978-2-7073-0024-9 }}</ref>