Editing Space colonization (section)

==Advocacy==
{{See also|Space advocacy}}
Several private companies have announced plans toward the [[colonization of Mars]]. Among entrepreneurs leading the call for space colonization are Elon Musk, [[Dennis Tito]] and [[Bas Lansdorp]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Nicola |last=Clark |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/09/business/global/reality-tv-for-the-red-planet.html |title=Reality TV for the Red Planet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629013428/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/09/business/global/reality-tv-for-the-red-planet.html|archive-date=29 June 2017 |work=The New York Times |date=8 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/02/130222-manned-mission-mars-tito-space-science/ |title=Businessman Dennis Tito Financing Manned Mission to Mars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301012114/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/02/130222-manned-mission-mars-tito-space-science/ |archive-date=1 March 2013|first=Jane J. |last=Lee |website=National Geographic News |date=22 February 2013}}</ref>

===Involved organizations===
Organizations that advocate for space colonization include:
* [[Blue Origin]] and [[Jeff Bezos]] are pursuing plans for space colonization starting with a base on the moon. Blue Origin is developing the New Glenn launcher to significantly reduce access to space cost with use of a re-useable booster and is building the Blue Moon lunar lander.<ref>{{cite news|title=Blue Origin, Jeff Bezos unveils plans for space colonization |first1=Soo |last1=Youn |first2=Christine |last2=Theodorou
|date=9 May 2019 |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Business/blue-origin-jeff-bezos-unveils-lunar-lander-mission/story?id=62941981 |publisher=ABC News|access-date=15 April 2025}}</ref>
* The [[Mars Society]] promotes Robert Zubrin's [[Mars Direct]] plan and the settlement of Mars.
* The [[National Space Society]] (NSS) is an organization with the vision of people living and working in thriving communities beyond the Earth. The NSS also maintains an extensive library of full-text articles and books on space settlement.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nss.org/settlement/library.html |title=NSS Space Settlement Library |publisher=NSS.org |date=16 December 2011 |access-date=14 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612005613/http://www.nss.org/settlement/library.html |archive-date=12 June 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* The [[Space Frontier Foundation]] performs [[space advocacy]] including strong [[free market]], [[capitalism|capitalist]] views about space development.
* The [[Space Settlement Institute]] is searching for ways to make space colonization happen within a lifetime.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.space-settlement-institute.org|title=The Space Settlement Institute|work=space-settlement-institute.org|access-date=13 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428202903/http://www.space-settlement-institute.org/|archive-date=28 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[SpaceX]] is developing extensive [[SpaceX Mars transportation infrastructure|spaceflight transportation infrastructure]] with the express purpose of enabling long-term human settlement of Mars.<ref name=trati20181224>{{cite news |last=Ralph |first=Eric |url=https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-elon-musk-starship-prototype-three-raptors-mirror-finish/ |title=SpaceX CEO Elon Musk: Starship prototype to have 3 Raptors and "mirror finish" |work=Teslarati |date=24 December 2018 |access-date=30 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224133103/https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-elon-musk-starship-prototype-three-raptors-mirror-finish/ |archive-date=24 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=sn20181224>
{{cite news |last=Foust|first=Jeff |url=https://spacenews.com/musk-teases-new-details-about-redesigned-next-generation-launch-system/ |title=Musk teases new details about redesigned next-generation launch system |work=[[SpaceNews]] |date=24 December 2018 |access-date=27 December 2018 }}</ref>
* The [[Space Studies Institute]] funds the study of outer space settlements, especially [[O'Neill cylinder]]s.
* The [[Alliance to Rescue Civilization]] plans to establish [[backup]]s of human civilization on the Moon and other locations away from Earth.
* The [[British Interplanetary Society]] (BIS) promotes ideas for the exploration and use of space, including a [[Project Boreas|Mars colony]], future propulsion systems (see [[Project Daedalus]]), terraforming, and locating other habitable worlds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Journal of the British Interplanetary Society |url=https://www.bis-space.com/publications/jbis/ |access-date=26 September 2022 |website=The British Interplanetary Society |language=en-GB}}</ref> In June 2013 the BIS began the SPACE project to re-examine Gerard O'Neill's 1970s space colony studies in light of the advances made since then. The progress of this effort were detailed in a special edition of the BIS journal in September 2019.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |date=September 2019 |title=BIS SPACE Project special issue |url=https://www.bis-space.com/membership/jbis/2019/JBIS-v72-no09-September-October-2019_dk64ll.pdf |journal=[[Journal of the British Interplanetary Society]] |volume=72 |issue=9/10}}</ref>
* [[Asgardia (nation)]] – an organization searching to circumvent limitations placed by [[Outer Space Treaty]].
*The [[Cyprus Space Exploration Organisation]] promotes space exploration and colonization, and fosters collaboration in space.

===Experiments with terrestrial analogues===
{{See also|Mars analog habitat|List of Mars analogs}}
[[File:Wiki bio2 sunset 001.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Biosphere 2 is a test habitat on Earth for space flight.]]
Many [[space agency|space agencies]] build "testbeds", which are facilities on Earth for testing advanced life support systems, but these are designed for long duration [[human spaceflight]], not permanent colonization.

*The most famous attempt to build an analogue to a self-sufficient settlement is [[Biosphere 2]], which attempted to duplicate Earth's biosphere. 
*[[BIOS-3]] is another [[closed ecosystem]], completed in 1972 in [[Krasnoyarsk]], [[Siberia]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ecowatch.com/the-worlds-largest-earth-science-experiment-biosphere-2-1882107636.html|title=The World's Largest Earth Science Experiment: Biosphere 2|date=16 October 2015 |work=EcoWatch|access-date=14 August 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814040305/https://www.ecowatch.com/the-worlds-largest-earth-science-experiment-biosphere-2-1882107636.html|archive-date=14 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
*The [[Mars Desert Research Station]] has a habitat for similar reasons, but the surrounding climate is not strictly inhospitable.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/12/exploring-mars-utah-mock-mission-simulation-space-science/|title=8 Amazing Places You Can Visit 'Mars' on Earth|first=Nadia |last=Drake |date=12 December 2016|access-date=13 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814040445/https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/12/exploring-mars-utah-mock-mission-simulation-space-science/|archive-date=14 August 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Devon Island]] [[Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station|Mars Arctic Research Station]], can also provide some practice for off-world outpost construction and operation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/wilderness-resources/stories/devon-island-close-mars-you-may-get|title=Devon Island is as close to Mars as you may get|work=MNN - Mother Nature Network|access-date=13 August 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814040256/https://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/wilderness-resources/stories/devon-island-close-mars-you-may-get|archive-date=14 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>