Editing Hashimoto's thyroiditis (section)

==History==
Also known as Hashimoto's disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis is named after Japanese physician [[Hakaru Hashimoto]] (1881−1934) of the medical school at [[Kyushu University]],<ref>{{WhoNamedIt|doctor|1974|Hakaru Hashimoto}}</ref> who first described the symptoms of persons with ''struma lymphomatosa'', an intense infiltration of lymphocytes within the thyroid, in 1912 in the German journal called {{Lang|de|[[Archiv für Klinische Chirurgie]]}}.<ref name="Hir2013"/><ref>{{cite journal |id={{NAID|10005555208}} | vauthors = Hashimoto H |title=Zur Kenntnis der lymphomatösen Veränderung der Schilddrüse (Struma lymphomatosa) |trans-title=Knowledge of lymphomatous changes in the thyroid gland (goiter lymphomatosa) |language=de |journal=Archiv für Klinische Chirurgie |year=1912 |volume=97 |pages=219–248 }}</ref> This [[Scientific literature#Scientific article|paper]] was made up of 30 pages and 5 illustrations all describing the [[Histology|histological]] changes in the thyroid tissue. Furthermore, all results in his first study were collected from four women. These results explained the [[Pathology|pathological]] characteristics observed in these women especially the infiltration of [[lymphocyte]] and [[Plasma cell|plasma cells]] as well as the formation of lymphoid follicles with [[Germinal center|germinal centers]], fibrosis, degenerated thyroid [[epithelial cells]] and [[leukocytes]] in the [[Lumen (anatomy)|lumen]].<ref name="Hir2013"/> He described these traits to be histologically similar to those of Mikulic's disease. As mentioned above, once he discovered these traits in this new disease, he named the disease ''struma lymphomatosa.'' This disease emphasized the lymphocyte infiltration and formation of the lymphoid follicles with germinal centers, neither of which had ever been previously reported.<ref name="Hir2013"/>

Despite Dr. Hashimoto's discovery and publication, the disease was not recognized as distinct from [[Riedel's thyroiditis|Reidel's thyroiditis]], which was a common disease at that time in Europe. Although many other articles were reported and published by other researchers, Hashimoto's struma lymphomatosa was only recognized as an early phase of Reidel's thyroiditis in the early 1900s. It was not until 1931 that the disease was recognized as a disease in its own right, when researchers Allen Graham et al. from Cleveland reported its symptoms and presentation in the same detailed manner as Hashimoto.<ref name="Hir2013"/>

In 1956, Drs. Rose and Witebsky were able to demonstrate how [[immunization]] of certain rodents with extracts of other rodents' thyroid resembled the disease Hakaru and other researchers were trying to describe.<ref name="Hir2013"/> These doctors were also able to describe [[Antithyroid autoantibodies|anti-thyroglobulin antibodies]] in blood serum samples from these same animals.<ref name="Hir2013" />

Later on in the same year, researchers from the Middlesex Hospital in London were able to perform human experiments on patients who presented with similar symptoms. They purified anti-thyroglobulin antibody from their serum and were able to conclude that these sick patients had an [[Immune response|immunological reaction]] to human thyroglobulin.<ref name="Hir2013" /> From this data, it was proposed that Hashimoto's struma could be an autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland: "Following these discoveries, the concept of organ-specific autoimmune disease was established and HT recognized as one such disease."<ref name="Hir2013" />

Following this recognition, the same researchers from Middlesex Hospital published an article in 1962 in ''[[The Lancet]]'' that included a portrait of Hakaru Hashimoto.<ref name="Hir2013"/> The disease became more well known from that moment, and Hashimoto's disease started to appear more frequently in textbooks.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Google Books Ngram Viewer |url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=hashimoto's+disease&year_start=1800&year_end=2022&corpus=en&smoothing=0&case_insensitive=true |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=books.google.com |language=en}}</ref>