Editing ISRO (section)

==== Venus exploration ====
{{Main|Venus Orbiter Mission}}
ISRO is considering an orbiter mission to Venus called Venus Orbiter Mission, that could launch as early as 2023 to study [[Atmosphere of Venus|the planet's atmosphere]].<ref name="Venorb">{{Cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isro-invites-scientists-from-across-country-for-venus-mission-4627259/ |title=ISRO gears up for Venus mission, invites proposals from scientists |date=25 April 2017 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |location=[[New Delhi]] |access-date=23 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618192208/http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isro-invites-scientists-from-across-country-for-venus-mission-4627259/ |archive-date=18 June 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Some funds for preliminary studies were allocated in the 2017–18 Indian budget under Space Sciences;<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/India-planning-Venus-mission/articleshow/11920410.cms |title=India planning Venus mission |author=Srinivas Laxman |date=17 February 2012 |access-date=24 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218204750/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-17/hyderabad/31070866_1_venus-mission-chandrayaan-1-isro |archive-date=18 February 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asianage.com/india/after-mars-isro-aims-venus-probe-2-3-years-335 |title=After Mars, Isro aims for Venus probe in 2–3 years |work=The Asian Age |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530141559/http://www.asianage.com/india/after-mars-isro-aims-venus-probe-2-3-years-335 |archive-date=30 May 2015 |access-date=12 June 2015}}</ref><ref name="indiabudget.gov.in">{{Cite web |url=http://www.indiabudget.gov.in/ub2017-18/eb/sbe91.pdf |title=Department of Space |website=[[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]], [[Government of India]] |access-date=18 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215111518/http://indiabudget.gov.in/ub2017-18/eb/sbe91.pdf |archive-date=15 December 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> solicitations for potential instruments were requested in 2017<ref name="A of O">{{cite web |url=http://www.isro.gov.in/announcement-of-opportunity-ao-space-based-experiments-to-study-venus |title=Announcement of Opportunity (AO) for Space Based Experiments to Study Venus |date=19 April 2017 |website=ISRO.gov.in |access-date=13 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913183153/http://www.isro.gov.in/announcement-of-opportunity-ao-space-based-experiments-to-study-venus |archive-date=13 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> and 2018. A mission to Venus is scheduled for 2025 that will include a payload instrument called Venus Infrared Atmospheric Gases Linker (VIRAL) which has been co-developed with the [[Laboratoire atmosphères, milieux, observations spatiales]] (LATMOS) under [[French National Centre for Scientific Research]] (CNRS) and [[Roscosmos]].<ref>{{cite news |title=ISRO to launch its Venus mission in 2025, France to take part |url=https://www.livemint.com/science/news/isro-to-launch-its-venus-mission-in-2025-france-to-take-part-11601476329074.html |access-date=1 October 2020 |agency=PTI |publisher=Livemint |date=30 September 2020 |archive-date=31 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031090613/https://www.livemint.com/science/news/isro-to-launch-its-venus-mission-in-2025-france-to-take-part-11601476329074.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

The Venus Orbiter Mission (VOM), which is intended to orbit a spacecraft in the orbit of planet Venus for a better understanding of the Venusian surface and subsurface, atmospheric processes, and influence of Sun on Venusian atmosphere, was approved by the [[Union Council of Ministers|Union Cabinet]] on 18 September 2024, under the direction of [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]]. Understanding the fundamental processes that have transformed Venus—which is thought to have once been habitable and very comparable to Earth—will be crucial to comprehending the development of Earth and Venus, the sister planets.<ref name=":3" /> A total of {{INRConvert|1236|c|lk=on|year=2024}} has been sanctioned for the Venus Orbiter Mission, of which {{INRConvert|824|c|lk=on|year=2024}} would go toward the spacecraft.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Surendra |date=2024-09-18 |title=Cabinet approves Chandrayaan-4 mission, first module of Bharatiya Antariksh Station, Venus mission, next-gen launcher |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cabinet-approves-chandrayaan-4-mission-first-module-of-bharatiya-antariksh-station-venus-mission-next-gen-launcher/articleshow/113461522.cms |access-date=2024-09-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sunilkumar |first=Singh Rahul |date=18 September 2024 |title=Big boost to ISRO: Chandrayaan-4, Venus mission, Indian space station and next-gen launch vehicle get Cabinet nod |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/big-boost-to-isro-chandrayaan-4-venus-mission-indian-space-station-and-next-gen-launch-vehicle-get-cabinet-nod-101726652333095.html |access-date=19 September 2024 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>