Editing Timeline of historic inventions (section)

===20th century===

====1900s====
* '''1900:''' The first [[Zeppelin]] is designed by [[Theodor Kober]].
* '''1901:''' The first motorized cleaner using suction, a powered "[[vacuum cleaner]]", is patented independently by [[Hubert Cecil Booth]] and [[David T. Kenney]].<ref>Gantz, Carroll (21 September 2012). The Vacuum Cleaner: A History. McFarland. p. 49</ref>
* '''1903:''' The first successful [[gas turbine]] is invented by [[Ægidius Elling]].
* '''1903:''' Édouard Bénédictus invents [[laminated glass]].
* '''1903:''' First sustained and controlled heavier-than-air powered flight achieved by an [[airplane]] flown at [[Kitty Hawk, North Carolina]] by [[Orville and Wilbur Wright]]. See [[Claims to the first powered flight]].
* '''1904:''' The [[Fleming valve]], the first [[vacuum tube]] and [[diode]], is invented by [[John Ambrose Fleming]].
* '''1907:''' The first free flight of a rotary-wing aircraft is carried out by [[Paul Cornu]].
* '''1907:''' [[Leo Baekeland]] invents [[bakelite]],  the first [[plastic]] made from synthetic components.
* '''1907:''' The tuyères thermopropulsives<ref name="Peter">Peter O. K. Krehl (24 Sep 2008) [https://books.google.com/books?id=PmuqCHDC3pwC&q=patent+for+ramjet+1908+Lorin History of Shock Waves, Explosions and Impact: A Chronological and Biographical Reference], [https://books.google.com/books?id=PmuqCHDC3pwC&dq=patent+for+ramjet+1908+Lorin&pg=PA443 p.443], Springer Science & Business Media, {{ISBN|3540304215}}, {{ISBN|9783540304210}}, accessed 7 July 2019</ref> after 1945 ([[:fr:Maurice Roy (professeur)|Maurice Roy (fr)]]) known as the ''statoreacteur''<ref name="Peter" /><ref>[https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/personnage/Lorin/126530 Personnage] ''[[Grand Larousse encyclopédique|Larousse]]'', accessed 7 July 2019</ref> ''a combustion subsonique'' (the [[ramjet]])<ref>Anthony Roux (2 July 2009) [http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7859/1/roux1.pdf Simulation aux Grandes Echelles d'un statoréacteur], p.15, [[University of Toulouse]], "...La propulsion par statoreacteur a été inventée par le francais [[:fr:René Lorin|René Lorin]] en 1907 et decrite pour la ´
premiere fois dans la revue ` [[L'Aérophile|l'aerophile]] ´ dans un article intitule "Propulseur par reaction directe"...", accessed 7 July 2019</ref> – [[René Lorin|R. Lorin]]<ref name="Lorin">[https://www.dmg-lib.org/dmglib/main/portal.jsp?mainNaviState=browsen.biogr.viewer&id=24306004 Lorin, René (1877–1933)], Digital Mechanism and Gear Library, [https://www.amazon.co.uk/Hans-von-Ohain-Elegance-Library/dp/1563475200 first contact for: "1913 – Lorin" (Margaret Connor)] obtained via [[search criteria]] (google): [https://www.google.com/search?q=discovery+of+scramjet+Frank+Whittle&ei=0DUiXbqnB9yBhbIPh4uqIA&start=40&sa=N&ved=0ahUKEwi6z_uMtKPjAhXcQEEAHYeFCgQ4HhDw0wMIhwE&biw=1920&bih=969 "discovery of scramjet Frank Whittle"], accessed 7 July 2019</ref><ref>R. Lorin (15 May 1913) – [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6552332d/f237.image de la turbine a gaz au propulseur a reaction], pp.229–230, [[L'Aérophile]]; [[BnF|BnF Gallica]], accessed 7 July 2019</ref><ref>Michael G. Smith (1 December 2014) — [https://books.google.com/books?id=Xtm5BAAAQBAJ&q=type+of+engine+proposed+by+Lorin+in+1908 Rockets and Revolution: A Cultural History of Early Spaceflight], [https://books.google.com/books?id=Xtm5BAAAQBAJ&dq=type+of+engine+proposed+by+Lorin+in+1908&pg=PT72 7th page of Chapter 3], [[University of Nebraska Press]], {{ISBN|0803286546}}, {{ISBN|9780803286542}}, accessed 7 July 2019</ref>
* '''1908:''' [[Cellophane]] is invented by [[Jacques E. Brandenberger]].
* '''1909:''' [[Fritz Haber]] invents the [[Haber process]].
* '''1909:''' The first instantaneous transmission of images, or [[television]] broadcast, is carried out by [[Georges Rignoux]] and A. Fournier.

====1910s====
[[File:BERy Articulated number 2 side view, 1913.jpg|thumb|BERy articulated streetcar no. 2 in 1913. The Boston Elevated Railway was the world's first street railway system to use articulated streetcars.]]
* '''1911:''' The [[cloud chamber]], the first [[particle detector]], is invented by [[Charles Thomson Rees Wilson]].
* '''1912:''' The first commercial slot cars or more accurately model electric racing cars operating under constant power were made by Lionel (USA) and appeared in their catalogues in 1912.
* '''1912:''' The first use of articulated [[tram]]s by [[Boston Elevated Railway]].
* '''1913:''' The [[Bergius process]] is developed by [[Friedrich Bergius]].
* '''1913:''' The [[Kaplan turbine]] is invented by [[Viktor Kaplan]].
* '''1915:''' [[Harry Brearley]] invents a process to create [[Martensitic stainless steel]], initially labelled Rustless Steel, later marketed as Staybrite, and AISI Type 420.<ref name="NYT">{{cite news|date=31 January 1915|title=A non-rusting steel|work=The New York Times}}</ref>
* '''1915:''' The first operational military [[tanks]] are designed in Great Britain and France. They are used in battle from 1916 and 1917 respectively. The designers in Great Britain are [[Walter Gordon Wilson|Walter Wilson]] and [[William Tritton]] and in France, [[Eugène Brillié]]. (Although it is known that vehicles incorporating at least some of the features of the tank were designed in a number of countries from 1903 onward, none reached a practical form.)
* '''1916:''' The [[Czochralski process]], widely used for the production of single crystal [[silicon]], is invented by [[Jan Czochralski]].
* '''1917:''' The [[crystal oscillator]] is invented by [[Alexander M. Nicholson]] using a crystal of [[Rochelle Salt]] although his priority was disputed by [[Walter Guyton Cady]].

====1920s====
* '''1925:''' The [[Fischer–Tropsch process]] is developed by [[Franz Joseph Emil Fischer|Franz Fischer]] and [[Hans Tropsch]] at the [[Max Planck Institute for Coal Research|Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Kohlenforschung]].
* '''1926:''' The [[Yagi-Uda Antenna]] or simply Yagi Antenna is invented by [[Shintaro Uda]] of [[Tohoku Imperial University]], assisted by his colleague [[Hidetsugu Yagi]]. The Yagi Antenna was widely used during [[World War II]]. After the war they saw extensive development as home [[television antennas]].
* '''1926:''' [[Robert H. Goddard]] launches the first [[Bipropellant rocket|liquid fueled rocket]].
* '''1926:''' [[Harry Ferguson]], patents the [[Three-point hitch]] equipment linkage system for tractors.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TractorData.com - Three-Point Hitch |url=http://www.tractordata.com/articles/technical/threepoint.html |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=www.tractordata.com}}</ref>
* '''1926:''' [[John Logie Baird]] demonstrates the world's first live working [[Mechanical television|television]] system.<ref>[https://www.bairdtelevision.com/the-televisor-successful-test-of-new-apparatus-1926.html "The "Televisor" Successful Test of New Apparatus"], The Times (London), Thursday 28 January 1926, p. 9 column C.</ref><ref name="Telegraph">{{cite news |date=26 January 2016 |title=Who invented the television? How people reacted to John Logie Baird's creation 90 years ago |newspaper=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/google/google-doodle/12121474/Who-invented-the-television-John-Logie-Baird-created-the-TV-in-1926.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126005621/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/google/google-doodle/12121474/Who-invented-the-television-John-Logie-Baird-created-the-TV-in-1926.html |archive-date=26 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=26 January 2016 |title=Who invented the mechanical television? (John Logie Baird) |publisher=Google. |url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=43A_5kGJ2hw}}</ref>
* '''1927:''' The [[quartz clock]] is invented by Warren Marrison and J.W. Horton at [[Bell Telephone Laboratories]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Marrison |first=Warren |title=The Evolution of the Quartz Crystal Clock |year=1948 |journal=Bell System Technical Journal |publisher=AT&T |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=510–588 |url=http://www.ieee-uffc.org/freqcontrol/marrison/Marrison.html |doi=10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01343.x |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070513175811/http://www.ieee-uffc.org/freqcontrol/marrison/Marrison.html |archive-date=13 May 2007|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* '''1928:''' [[Penicillin]] is first observed to exude antibiotic substances by Nobel laureate [[Alexander Fleming]]. Development of medicinal penicillin is attributed to a team of medics and scientists including [[Howard Walter Florey]], [[Ernst Chain]] and [[Norman Heatley]].
* '''1928:''' [[Frank Whittle]] formally submitted his ideas for a turbo-jet engine. In October 1929, he developed his ideas further.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/whittle_frank.shtml |title=History – Frank Whittle (1907–1996) |publisher=BBC |access-date=26 March 2010}}</ref> On 16 January 1930, Whittle submitted his first patent (granted in 1932).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/originalDocument?CC=GB&NR=347206&KC=&FT=E|title=Espacenet - Original document|website=worldwide.espacenet.com}}</ref>
* '''1928:''' [[Philo Farnsworth]] demonstrates the first practical [[electronic television]] to the press.
* '''1929:''' The [[ball screw]] is invented by Rudolph G. Boehm.

====1930s====
* '''1930:''' The [[Supersonic combusting ramjet]] — [[Frank Whittle]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* '''1930:''' The [[Phase-contrast microscopy]] is invented by [[Frits Zernike]].
* '''1931:''' The [[electron microscope]] is invented by [[Ernst Ruska]].
* '''1933:''' [[FM radio]] is patented by inventor [[Edwin H. Armstrong]].
* '''1933:''' [[Everest and Jennings|Harry C. Jennings Sr. and Herbert Everest]], both [[mechanical engineer]]s, invented the first lightweight, steel, folding, portable [[wheelchair]] with their "X-brace" design.<ref>Everest, Herbert A., Jennings, Harry C. Sr., "Folding wheel chair", US Patent 2095411, 1937</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US2618319A/en|title=X-brace construction for collapsible invalids' wheel chairs}}</ref>
* '''1935:''' [[Nylon]], the first fully [[synthetic fiber]] is produced by [[Wallace Carothers]] while working at [[DuPont]].<ref name=Carothers>{{cite web|title=Wallace Hume Carothers|url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/wallace-hume-carothers|website=[[Science History Institute]]|date=June 2016|access-date=20 March 2018}}</ref>
* '''1938:''' [[Z1 (computer)|Z1]], built by [[Konrad Zuse]], is the first freely programmable [[computer]] in the world.
* '''1938:''' [[Nuclear fission]] discovered in experiment by chemists [[Otto Hahn]] and [[Fritz Strassmann]] and physicists [[Lise Meitner]] and [[Otto Robert Frisch]]. The [[German nuclear energy project]] was based on this research. The [[Tube Alloys]] project and, subsequently, the [[Manhattan Project]] and the [[Soviet atomic bomb project]] were influenced by this research.
* '''1939:''' G. S. Yunyev or [[Naum Gurvich]] invented the electric current [[Defibrillation#Direct current method|defibrillator]]

====1940-1944====
* '''1940:''' [[Isotopes of plutonium#Notable isotopes|Pu-239 isotope]] (isotope of [[plutonium]])<ref name=t2>[https://www.armscontrol.org/act/1997-11/features/technology-nuclear-weapons The Technology of Nuclear Weapons], [[Arms Control Association]], accessed 9 January 2020</ref><ref name="t3">[http://www.radioactivity.eu.com/site/pages/Plutonium_239.htm Plutonium 239] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118091017/http://www.radioactivity.eu.com/site/pages/Plutonium_239.htm |date=18 January 2020 }}, EDP-Sciences (EDITIONS DE PHYSIQUE) (& the Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et Physique des Particules (IN2P3) accessed 9 January 2020</ref> a form of matter existing with the capacity for use as a destructive element<ref>[https://www.atomicheritage.org/history/plutonium Plutonium], published by the [[Atomic Heritage Foundation]] & the [[National Museum of Nuclear Science & History]] (of the [[United States]]) 5 June 2014 – accessed 2020-1-9, re-accessed due to an error in application during 9, 10 January 2020</ref> (because the isotope has an exponentially increasing<ref name=t2 /> spontaneous<ref>{{Cite book | publisher=Springer | location=Berlin, Heidelberg | chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-55764-4_8 | title=Nuclides.net | doi=10.1007/978-3-642-55764-4_8 | isbn=978-3-642-62817-7 | chapter=Fission Products and Yields ϒ | date=2003 | last1=Magill | first1=Joseph | pages=187–196 }}</ref> [[spontaneous fission|fissile]] decay<ref>[[Emilio Segre|Segre, Emilio]] — [https://escholarship.org/content/qt8v41m1pb/qt8v41m1pb.pdf Spontaneous Fission] p.13 "From this we deduce a spontaneous fission decay constant of 2.1 x l0<sup>3</sup> fissions per gram per second". published [[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]], University of California, 22 November 1950 (this source represents a re-application of sourcing due to an [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_discoveries_by_disciplines&oldid=934934652#Technological error in application of sourcing to the inclusion " fission" (+) "decay" during the 1st inclusion made 2020-1-9])</ref>) within [[nuclear devices]] — [[Glenn Seaborg]].<ref name=t3 />
* '''1940:''' [[John Randall (physicist)|John Randall]] and [[Harry Boot]] would develop the high power, microwave generating, [[cavity magnetron]], later applied to commercial [[Radar]] and [[Microwave oven]] appliances.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Magnetron |url=http://histru.bournemouth.ac.uk/Oral_History/Talking_About_Technology/radar_research/the_magnetron.html |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=histru.bournemouth.ac.uk}}</ref>
* '''1941:''' [[Polyester]] is invented by [[John Rex Whinfield]] and James Dickson.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bellis|first1=Mary|title=The History of Polyester|url=http://inventors.about.com/od/famousinventions/fl/The-History-of-Polyester.htm|website=About.com|access-date=23 February 2017}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* '''1942:''' The [[V-2 rocket]], the world's first long range [[ballistic missile]], developed by engineer [[Wernher von Braun]].
* '''1944:''' The non-infectious viral vaccine is perfected by Dr. Jonas Salk and Thomas Francis.<ref>Bookchin, Debbie and Schumacher, Jim. The Virus and the Vaccine. MacMillan 2005</ref>