Editing Dubbing (section)

====Poland====
{{more citations needed|section|date=May 2024}}
In the past, foreign movies were all subtitled in Polish.<ref name="auto1">{{cite book|title=Das kulturelle Leben der Deutschen in Niederschlesien unter polnischer Verwaltung. 1947-1958|first=Bernhard|last=Grund|publisher=Bundesministerium für gesamtdeutsche Fragen|place=Bonn und Berlin|date=1967|series=Bonner Berichte aus Mittel- und Ostdeutschland|page=119}}</ref> Poland's dubbing traditions began between the two world wars. In 1931, among the first movies dubbed into Polish were ''[[Dangerous Curves (1929 film)|Dangerous Curves]]'' (1929), ''[[The Dance of Life (film)|The Dance of Life]]'' (1929), ''[[Paramount on Parade]]'' (1930), and ''[[Darling of the Gods]]'' (1930). In 1949, the first dubbing studio opened in [[Łódź]]. The first film dubbed that year was ''Russkiy Vopros'' (filmed 1948).{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} Although quality was poor at first, the number of dubbed movies and the quality of dubbing improved, and between the 1960s and the 1980s around a third of foreign movies screened in cinemas were dubbed. The "Polish dubbing school" was known for its high quality. The person who initiated high-quality dubbing versions was director Zofia Dybowska-Aleksandrowicz.Polish television dubbed popular films and TV series such as ''[[Rich Man, Poor Man (miniseries)|Rich Man, Poor Man]]''; ''[[Fawlty Towers]]'', ''[[Forsyte Saga]]'', ''[[Elizabeth R]]'', ''[[I, Claudius]]'', ''[[I'll Take Manhattan (miniseries)|I'll Take Manhattan]]'', and ''[[Peter the Great (TV series)|Peter the Great]]''.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

In the 1980s, due to budget cuts, state-run TV saved on tapes by voicing films over live during transmission. Overall, during 1948–1998, almost 1,000 films were dubbed in Polish. In the 1990s, dubbing films and TV series continued, although often also for one emission only.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} In 1995, [[Canal+ (Polish TV provider)|Canal+]] was launched in Poland. In its first years, it dubbed 30% of its schedule, including popular films and TV series such as ''[[Friends]]'', but this proved unsuccessful.<ref name="WSJ-Patrick">{{cite news |last1=Patrick |first1=Aaron O. |title=On Polish TV, Desperate Wives Sound Like Guys |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB119215016517556740 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=12 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222233455/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB119215016517556740 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> It stopped dubbing films in 1999. From the 1990s until its closure in 2001, dubbing was done by [[Wizja Jeden]] TV channel, which mainly dubbed [[BBC Television]] productions such as ''[[The League of Gentlemen]]'', ''[[Absolutely Fabulous]]'', and ''[[Men Behaving Badly]]''.

Currently,{{when|date=May 2024}} dubbing of films and TV series for teenagers is done by [[Nickelodeon (Polish TV channel)|Nickelodeon]] and [[Disney Channel (Polish TV channel)|Disney Channel]]. One of the major breakthroughs in dubbing was the Polish release of ''[[Shrek]]'' (2001), which contained many references to local culture and Polish humor. However live-action dubbing is still considered a bad practice.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} Since the theatrical release of ''[[The Avengers (2012 film)|The Avengers]]'' in May 2012, Walt Disney Company Polska has dubbed all films for cinema releases. However, when a dub is produced but the film's target audience is not exclusively children, both dubbed and subtitled versions are usually available in movie theaters at different times.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} Cinema releases for general audiences are almost exclusively subtitled, with the exception of children's movies, home media releases, television screenings of movies, and made-for-TV shows. These are usually shown with voice-over translation, where a voice talent reads a translation over the original soundtrack, similar to the [[Gavrilov translation]] used in Russia, with one difference—all dialogues are voiced by one off-screen reader.