Editing Quantitative genetics (section)

===== Polygenic Adaptation Models in Population Genetics =====

This traditional view of adaptation in quantitative genetics provides a model for how the selected phenotype changes over time, as a function of the selection differential and heritability.  However it does not provide insight into (nor does it depend upon) any of the genetic details - in particular, the number of loci involved, their allele frequencies and effect sizes, and the frequency changes driven by selection.  This, in contrast, is the focus of work on [[polygenic adaptation]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pritchard|first1=Jonathan K.|last2=Pickrell|first2=Joseph K.|last3=Coop|first3=Graham|date=2010-02-23|title=The genetics of human adaptation: hard sweeps, soft sweeps, and polygenic adaptation|journal=Current Biology|volume=20|issue=4|pages=R208–215|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.055|issn=1879-0445|pmc=2994553|pmid=20178769|bibcode=2010CBio...20.R208P }}</ref> within the field of [[population genetics]]. Recent studies have shown that traits such as height have evolved in humans during the past few thousands of years as a result of small allele frequency shifts at thousands of variants that affect height.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Turchin|first1=Michael C.|last2=Chiang|first2=Charleston W. K.|last3=Palmer|first3=Cameron D.|last4=Sankararaman|first4=Sriram|last5=Reich|first5=David|last6=Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits (GIANT) Consortium|last7=Hirschhorn|first7=Joel N.|date=September 2012|title=Evidence of widespread selection on standing variation in Europe at height-associated SNPs|journal=Nature Genetics|volume=44|issue=9|pages=1015–1019|doi=10.1038/ng.2368|issn=1546-1718|pmc=3480734|pmid=22902787}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Berg|first1=Jeremy J.|last2=Coop|first2=Graham|date=August 2014|title=A population genetic signal of polygenic adaptation|journal=PLOS Genetics|volume=10|issue=8|pages=e1004412|doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004412|issn=1553-7404|pmc=4125079|pmid=25102153 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Field|first1=Yair|last2=Boyle|first2=Evan A.|last3=Telis|first3=Natalie|last4=Gao|first4=Ziyue|last5=Gaulton|first5=Kyle J.|last6=Golan|first6=David|last7=Yengo|first7=Loic|last8=Rocheleau|first8=Ghislain|last9=Froguel|first9=Philippe|date=2016-11-11|title=Detection of human adaptation during the past 2000 years|journal=Science|language=en|volume=354|issue=6313|pages=760–764|doi=10.1126/science.aag0776|issn=0036-8075|pmid=27738015|pmc=5182071|bibcode=2016Sci...354..760F}}</ref>