Editing International Criminal Court (section)

===Jurisdiction over corporations===
There is a debate on whether the ICC should have jurisdiction over [[corporation]]s that violate international law.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kyriakakis |first1=Joanna |title=Corporations before International Criminal Courts: Implications for the International Criminal Justice Project |journal=Leiden Journal of International Law |date=March 2017 |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=221–240 |doi=10.1017/S0922156516000650 |s2cid=152031365 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/leiden-journal-of-international-law/article/abs/corporations-before-international-criminal-courts-implications-for-the-international-criminal-justice-project/B1B861A5B2E55EE9CA1B96A30D0D1FD4|issn=0922-1565|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Supporters argue that corporations can and do commit human rights violations,<ref name ="carrillo-santarelli">{{cite web |last1=Carrillo-Santarelli |first1=Nicolás |title=Corporate Human Rights Obligations: Controversial but necessary |url=https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/blog/corporate-human-rights-obligations-controversial-but-necessary/ |website=Business & Human Rights Resource Centre |access-date=18 June 2021}}</ref> such as war crimes linked to raw materials in conflict zones.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Graff |first1=Julia |year=2004 |title=Corporate War Criminals and the International Criminal Court: Blood and Profits in the Democratic Republic of Congo |url=https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1357&context=hrbrief |journal=Human Rights Brief |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=23–26 |access-date=18 June 2021}}</ref> Critics argue that prosecuting corporations would compromise the principle of complementarity,<ref>{{cite SSRN |last1=Kyriakakis |first1=Joanna |title=Corporations and the International Criminal Court: The Complementarity Objection Stripped Bare |date=2007-06-01 |ssrn=2309162}}</ref> that it would give corporations excessive power under international law, or that it would compromise voluntary initiatives by companies.<ref name ="carrillo-santarelli"/> [[John Ruggie]] has argued that jurisdiction of corporations under international law should be limited to international crimes, while Nicolás Carrillo-Santarelli of [[University of La Sabana|La Sabana University]] argues that it should cover all human rights violations.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bernaz |first1=Nadia |title=Including Corporate Criminal Liability for International Crimes in the Business and Human Rights Treaty: Necessary but Insufficient |url=https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/blog/including-corporate-criminal-liability-for-international-crimes-in-the-business-and-human-rights-treaty-necessary-but-insufficient/ |website=Business & Human Rights Resource Centre |access-date=18 June 2021}}</ref>

Despite its lack of jurisdiction, the ICC announced in 2016 that it would prioritize criminal cases linked to land grabbing, illegal resource extraction, or [[environmental degradation]] caused by corporate activity.<ref>{{cite news |title=International Criminal Court to prosecute business and human rights |url=https://www.herbertsmithfreehills.com/latest-thinking/international-criminal-court-to-prosecute-business-and-human-rights |access-date=18 June 2021 |work=[[Herbert Smith Freehills]] |date=2016-11-02}}</ref> The proposed crime of [[ecocide]] would have jurisdiction over corporations as well as governments.<ref name="time">{{cite news |date=19 February 2021 |title=Lawyers Are Working to Put 'Ecocide' on Par with War Crimes. Could an International Law Hold Major Polluters to Account?|magazine=Time |url=https://time.com/5940759/ecocide-law-environment-destruction-icc/ |access-date=18 June 2021}}</ref> Supporters of criminalizing ecocide argue that it would shift the ICC's priorities away from Africa, since most [[environmental degradation]] is caused by states and corporations in the Global North.<ref name="time" />{{Failed verification|date=November 2024|reason=The article does not say "most environmental degradation is caused by states and corporations in the Global North," it says "powerful white men...are often disproportionately represented in extractive industries," and this text includes a bewildering hyperlink (as a source, in the typical manner of online news media) to statistics about the overall racial makeup of laborers in various U.S. industries.|talk=Ecocide would shift priorities toward the Global North?}}