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1840 in science
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==Exploration== * January 19 β Captain [[Charles Wilkes]]' [[United States Exploring Expedition]] sights [[Wilkes Land]], providing evidence that [[Antarctica]] is a complete continent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.quarkexpeditions.com/antarctica/exploration.shtml|title=Antarctic Exploration β Chronology|accessdate=2006-10-20|publisher=Quark Expeditions|year=2004|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060908120017/http://www.quarkexpeditions.com/antarctica/exploration.shtml|archivedate=2006-09-08}}</ref> * January 21 β [[AdΓ©lie Land]] first visited by [[Jules Dumont d'Urville]] in the [[French ship Astrolabe (1811)|French ship ''Astrolabe'']].<ref>{{cite book|last=Guillon|first=Jacques|title=Dumont d'Urville|publisher=France-Empire|year=1986|location=Paris|isbn=978-2-7048-0472-6}}</ref> * The [[Nemesis (1839)|''Nemesis'' (1839)]] becomes the first iron ship to sail around the [[Cape of Good Hope]], aided by techniques to adjust the compass for the effect of an iron hull developed the year before by [[George Biddell Airy]], the [[Astronomer Royal]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Headrick|first=Daniel R.|year=1981|title=The Tools of Empire: Technology and European Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-19-502832-4}}</ref>
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