Editing 1950 in science (section)

==Medicine==
* June 17 – The first cadaveric internal [[kidney transplantation]] is performed on Ruth Tucker, a 44-year-old woman with [[polycystic kidney disease]], at [[Little Company of Mary Hospital (Evergreen Park)]], Illinois. Although the donated kidney is rejected 10 months later because no effective immunosuppressive drugs have been developed at this time, the intervening time gives Tucker's remaining kidney time to recover and she lives another 5 years.<ref>{{cite book|title=Organ transplantation|first=David|last=Petechuk|publisher=Greenwood|year=2006|isbn=978-0-313-33542-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/organtransplanta0000pete/page/11 11]|url=https://archive.org/details/organtransplanta0000pete|url-access=registration|quote=kidney transplant ruth tucker.}}</ref>
* October – [[Australia]]n-born [[Great Britain|British]] [[thoracic surgeon]] [[Norman Barrett]] describes the condition which will become known as [[Barrett's esophagus|Barrett's oesophagus]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Barrett|first=N. R.|title=Chronic Peptic Ulcer of the Œsophagus and 'Œsophagitis'|journal=[[British Journal of Surgery]]|volume=38|issue=150|pages=175–82|date=October 1950|pmid=14791960|doi=10.1002/bjs.18003815005|s2cid=72315839}}</ref>
* November – [[Eugene Roberts (neuroscientist)|Eugene Roberts]] and Sam Frankel of [[Washington University School of Medicine]] report their discovery that [[GABA]] (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is produced from [[glutamic acid]] and accumulates in the mammalian [[central nervous system]], using [[History of chromatography#Martin and Synge and partition chromatography|newly-developed]] techniques of [[chromatography]] to analyze protein-free extracts of mammalian brain.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Spiering|first=Martin J.|date=December 2018|title=The discovery of GABA in the brain|url=https://www.asbmb.org/asbmb-today/science/010119/jbc-the-discovery-of-gaba-in-the-brain|journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry|volume=293|issue=49|pages=19159–19160|doi=10.1074/jbc.cl118.006591|issn=0021-9258|pmc=6295731|pmid=30530855|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Roberts|first1=E.|last2=Frankel|first2=S.|date=November 1950|title=gamma-Aminobutyric acid in brain: its formation from glutamic acid|journal=[[Journal of Biological Chemistry]]|volume=187|issue=1|pages=55–63|doi=10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50929-2|doi-access=free|issn=0021-9258|pmid=14794689}}</ref>
* December 11 – The [[typical antipsychotic]] [[Chlorpromazine]] is first synthesized.
* [[Antihistamine]] discovered.
* The [[Duffy antigen]] is identified in a multiply-transfused [[hemophiliac]] patient.<ref>{{cite journal|title=A New Human Blood Group|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|date=1950-02-04|last1=Cutbush|first1=M.|last2=Mollison|first2=P.L.|last3=Parkin|first3=D.M.|volume=165|issue=4188|pages=188–189|doi=10.1038/165188b0|bibcode=1950Natur.165..188C|s2cid=4265241}}</ref>
* An external [[artificial pacemaker]] is developed by [[John Alexander Hopps|John A. Hopps]] in conjunction with [[Wilfred Gordon Bigelow]] at [[Toronto General Hospital]].
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