Editing 1959 in science (section)

==Mathematics==
* July 21 – The inaugural [[International Mathematical Olympiad]], a competition for pre-university students, is held, in Romania.
* October – [[Martin Gardner]] presents the [[Three Prisoners problem]] in [[probability theory]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Gardner|first=Martin|title=Mathematical Games: Problems involving questions of probability and ambiguity|journal=[[Scientific American]]|date=October 1959|volume=201|issue=4|pages=174–182|doi=10.1038/scientificamerican1059-174|bibcode=1959SciAm.201d.174G}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Gardner|first=Martin|title=Mathematical Games: How three modern mathematicians disproved a celebrated conjecture of Leonhard Euler|journal=Scientific American|date=November 1959|volume=201|issue=5|page=188|doi=10.1038/scientificamerican1159-181|bibcode=1959SciAm.201e.181G}}</ref>
* [[Edsger W. Dijkstra]] rediscovers '[[Prim's algorithm]]'.
* [[Kenkichi Iwasawa]] initiates [[Iwasawa theory]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Iwasawa|first=Kenkichi|title=On Γ-extensions of algebraic number fields|doi=10.1090/S0002-9904-1959-10317-7|mr=0124316|year=1959|journal=[[Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society]]|volume=65|issue=4|pages=183–226|zbl=0089.02402|issn=0002-9904|doi-access=free}}</ref>