Editing Anagram (section)

== Applications ==
While anagramming is certainly a recreation first, there are ways in which anagrams are put to use, and these can be more serious, or at least not quite frivolous and formless. For example, psychologists use anagram-oriented tests, often called "anagram solution tasks", to assess the [[implicit memory]] of young adults and adults alike.<ref name = Java>Java, Rosalind I. "Priming and Aging: Evidence of Preserved Memory Function in an Anagram Solution Task." ''The American Journal of Psychology'', Vol. 105, No. 4. (Winter, 1992), pp. 541–548.</ref>

===Establishment of priority===
Natural philosophers (astronomers and others) of the 17th century transposed their discoveries into Latin anagrams, to establish their priority. In this way they laid claim to new discoveries before their results were ready for publication.

[[Galileo Galilei|Galileo]] used ''{{not a typo|smaismrmilmepoetaleumibunenugttauiras}}'' for ''{{lang|la|Altissimum planetam tergeminum observavi}}'' (Latin: I have observed the most distant planet to have a triple form) for discovering the [[rings of Saturn]] in 1610.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Miner|first=Ellis D.|author2=Wessen, Randii R.|author3=Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.|chapter=The scientific significance of planetary ring systems|title=Planetary Ring Systems|series=Springer Praxis Books in Space Exploration|publisher=Praxis|year=2007|pages=[https://archive.org/details/planetaryringsys0000mine/page/1 1–16]|doi=10.1007/978-0-387-73981-6_1|isbn=978-0-387-34177-4|url=https://archive.org/details/planetaryringsys0000mine/page/1}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=http://www.mathpages.com/home/kmath151/kmath151.htm|title=Galileo's Anagrams and the Moons of Mars|access-date=2009-03-16|work=Math Pages: History}}</ref> Galileo announced his discovery that [[Venus]] had [[Moon phase|phases]] like the Moon in the form ''{{lang|la|Haec immatura a me iam frustra leguntur oy}}'' (Latin: These immature ones have already been read in vain by me -oy), that is, when rearranged, ''{{lang|la|Cynthiae figuras aemulatur Mater Amorum}}'' (Latin: The Mother of Loves [= Venus] imitates the figures of [[Artemis|Cynthia]] [= the moon]). In both cases, [[Johannes Kepler]] had solved the anagrams incorrectly, assuming they were talking about the [[Moons of Mars]] (''{{lang|la|Salve, umbistineum geminatum Martia proles}}'') and a [[Great Red Spot|red spot on Jupiter]] (''{{lang|la|Macula rufa in Jove est gyratur mathem}}''), respectively.<ref>{{cite web |title=Galileo, Kepler, & Two Anagrams: Two Wrong Solutions Turn into Two Correct Solutions |url=http://judgestarling.tumblr.com/post/62652246148/galileo-kepler-two-anagrams-two-wrong |website=Judge Starling}}</ref> By coincidence, he turned out to be right about the actual objects existing.

In 1656, [[Christiaan Huygens]], using a better telescope than those available to Galileo, figured that Galileo's earlier observations of Saturn actually meant it had a ring (Galileo's tools were only sufficient to see it as bumps) and, like Galileo, had published an anagram, ''{{not a typo|aaaaaaacccccdeeeeeghiiiiiiillllmmnnnnnnnnnooooppqrrstttttuuuuu}}''. Upon confirming his observations, three years later he revealed it to mean ''{{lang|la|Annulo cingitur, tenui, plano, nusquam coherente, ad eclipticam inclinato}}'' (Latin: It [Saturn] is surrounded by a thin, flat, ring, nowhere touching, inclined to the ecliptic).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Howard |first=N. |year=2004 |title=Rings and Anagrams: Huygens's System of Saturn |journal=The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America |volume=98 |number=4 |pages=477–510 |doi=10.1086/pbsa.98.4.24295740}}</ref>

When [[Robert Hooke]] discovered [[Hooke's law]] in 1660, he first published it in anagram form, ''{{not a typo|ceiiinosssttuv}}'', for ''{{lang|la|ut tensio, sic vis}}'' (Latin: as the extension, so the force).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gjertsen |first1=Derek |title=The Newton Handbook |date=1986 |publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul |isbn=9780710202796 |page=16}}</ref>

===Pseudonyms===
Anagrams are connected to pseudonyms, by the fact that they may conceal or reveal, or operate somewhere in between like a mask that can establish identity. For example, [[Jim Morrison]] used an anagram of his name in [[the Doors]] song "[[L.A. Woman (song)|L.A. Woman]]", calling himself "Mr. Mojo Risin'".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01278z4 |title=Mr Mojo Risin' |date= June 29, 2011 |work=[[BBC Radio 2]] |access-date=March 17, 2021}}</ref> The use of anagrams and fabricated personal names may be to circumvent restrictions on the use of real names, as happened in the 18th century when [[Edward Cave]] wanted to get around restrictions imposed on the reporting of the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/paper/pooleyj.html |title=Institute of Historical Research (IHR) home page |access-date=7 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930043325/http://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/paper/pooleyj.html |archive-date=30 September 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In a genre such as [[farce]] or [[parody]], anagrams as names may be used for pointed and satiric effect.

Pseudonyms adopted by authors are sometimes transposed forms of their names; thus "[[John Calvin|Calvinus]]" becomes "Alcuinus" (here V = U) or "[[François Rabelais]]" = "Alcofribas Nasier". The name "[[Voltaire]]" of François Marie Arouet fits this pattern, and is allowed to be an anagram of "Arouet, l[e] j[eune]" (U = V, J = I) that is, "Arouet the younger". Other examples include:
* "[[Damon Albarn]]" = "Dan Abnormal"
* "[[Dave Barry]]" = "Ray Adverb"
* "[[Arrigo Boito]]" = "Tobia Gorrio"
* "[[Buckethead]]" = "Death Cube K"
* "[[Daniel Clowes]]" = "[[Enid Coleslaw]]"
* "Marguerite (de) Crayencour" = "[[Marguerite Yourcenar]]"
* "[[Siobhán Donaghy]]" = "Shanghai Nobody"
* "[[Glen Duncan]]" = "Declan Gunn"<ref>[[I, Lucifer (Glen Duncan)]]</ref>
* "[[Dr. Seuss|(Theodor) Geisel]]" = "(Theo) Le Sieg"
* "[[Edward Gorey]]" = "Ogdred Weary", = "Regera Dowdy" or = "E. G. Deadworry" (and others)
* "[[Tales of the City|Anna Madrigal]]" = "A man and a girl"
* "[[Ted Morgan (writer)|Ted Morgan]]" = "(Sanche) de Gramont"
* "[[Lorin Morgan-Richards]]" = "Marcil d'Hirson Garron"
* "[[Vladimir Nabokov]]" = "Vivian Darkbloom", = "Vivian Bloodmark", = "Blavdak Vinomori", or = "Dorian Vivalkomb"

Several of these are "imperfect anagrams", letters having been left out in some cases for the sake of easy pronunciation.

===Titles===
Anagrams used for titles afford scope for some types of wit. Examples:
* [[Homer Hickam]]'s book ''[[Rocket Boys]]'' was adapted into the 1999 film ''[[October Sky]]''.<ref name="CB">{{cite web|url=http://criminalbrief.com/?p=9217|title=Anagrams|last=Lundin|first=Leigh|date=2009-11-29|work=Word Play|publisher=Criminal Brief}}</ref>
* The tapes for the revival of the [[BBC]] show ''[[Doctor Who]]'' were labeled with the anagram ''Torchwood'', which later went on to be used as the name for a [[Torchwood|spin-off show]]. In multi-episode shows, the program occasionally substitutes the anagram of an actor's name for the actual name to prevent revealing the true identity of the role (for instance, The Master) being played by the actor.
* The New Wave band [[Missing Persons (band)|Missing Persons]]' best-selling album was called ''[[Spring Session M]]''.
* Hip-hop artist [[MF Doom]] recorded a 2004 album called ''[[Mm..Food]]''.
* [[Brian Eno]]'s album ''Before and After Science'' includes a song entitled "King's Lead Hat", an anagram of "[[Talking Heads]]", a band Eno has worked with.
* [[Juan Maria Solare]]'s piano ballad "Jura ser anomalía" (literally "he/she swears to be an anomaly") is an anagram of the composer's full name. His composition for [[English horn]] titled "A Dot in Time" is an anagram of "Meditation", which describes the piece. The title of his piano piece that is a homage to Claude Debussy is "Seduce Us Badly".
* [[Bill Evans]]'s [[overdubbed]] piano elegy for fellow jazz pianist [[Sonny Clark]] is titled "N.Y.C.'s No Lark", and another composition, "Re: Person I Knew" is a tribute to his producer, [[Orrin Keepnews]].
* The title of [[Imogen Heap]]'s album ''[[iMegaphone]]'' is an anagram of her name.
* Progressive rock group [[Rush (band)|Rush]] published a song on their 1989 album ''[[Presto (album)|Presto]]'' titled "Anagram (for Mongo)" that makes use of anagrams in every line of the song.
* The title of the fifth album by American rock band [[Interpol (band)|Interpol]], ''[[El Pintor (Interpol album)|El Pintor]]'', is an anagram of the band's name and also Spanish for "the painter".
* Many of the song titles on Aphex Twin's ''[[...I Care Because You Do]]'' are anagrams of either "Aphex Twin", "The Aphex Twin", or "Richard D. James".
* In [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney's]] 1964 film ''[[Mary Poppins (film)|Mary Poppins]]'', [[Dick Van Dyke]] played Mr. Dawes Sr. as the anagram of his name, Navckid Keyd. In the credits, the words unscrambled themselves to reveal his name.
* The title of [[King Crimson]]'s 1982 song ''[[Thela Hun Ginjeet]]'' is an anagram of "heat in the jungle".
* Two albums released in 2022 by Australian rock band ''[[King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard]]'' titled "Made in Timeland" and "Laminated Denim".

===Coincidences===
In Hebrew, the name "[[Gernot Zippe]]" (גרנוט ציפה), the inventor of the [[Zippe-type centrifuge]], is an anagram of the word "centrifuge" (צנטריפוגה).

The sentence "Name is Anu Garg", referring to anagrammer and founder of wordsmith.org [[Anu Garg]], can be rearranged to spell "Anagram genius".<ref>{{cite web |title=The Anagram Hall of Fame |url=https://wordsmith.org/anagram/hof.html |website=Wordsmith.org |access-date=2 March 2021}}</ref>

===Games and puzzles===
[[File:Boggle (4039402557).jpg|thumb|The game of ''Boggle'']]
Anagrams are in themselves a recreational activity, but they also make up part of many other games, puzzles and game shows. The [[Jumble]] is a puzzle found in many newspapers in the United States requiring the unscrambling of letters to find the solution. [[Cryptic crossword]] puzzles frequently use anagrammatic clues, usually indicating that they are anagrams by the inclusion of a descriptive term like "confused" or "in disarray". An example would be ''Businessman burst into tears (9 letters)''. The solution, ''stationer'', is an anagram of ''into tears'', the letters of which have ''burst'' out of their original arrangement to form the name of a type of ''businessman''.

Numerous other games and contests involve some element of anagram formation as a basic skill. Some examples:
* In [[Anagrams (game)|Anagrams]], players flip tiles over one at a time and race to take words. They can "steal" each other's words by rearranging the letters and extending the words.
* In a version of [[Scrabble]] called [[Clabbers]], the name itself is an anagram of Scrabble. Tiles may be placed in any order on the board as long as they anagram to a valid word.
* On the British game show ''[[countdown (game show)|Countdown]]'', contestants are given 30 seconds to make the longest word from nine random letters.
* In [[Boggle]], players make constrained words from a grid of sixteen random letters, by joining adjacent cubes.
* On the British game show ''[[BrainTeaser]]'', contestants are shown a word broken into randomly arranged segments and must announce the whole word. At the end of the game there is a "Pyramid" which starts with a three-letter word. A letter appears in the line below to which the player must add the existing letters to find a solution. The pattern continues until the player reaches the final eight-letter anagram. The player wins the game by solving all the anagrams within the allotted time.
* In [[Bananagrams]], players place tiles from a pool into [[Crossword|crossword-style]] word arrangements in a race to see who can finish the pool of tiles first.

===Ciphers===<!-- This section  heading is linked to in [[Rasterschlüssel 44]] if you change it, please change it their as well. -->
Multiple anagramming is a technique used to solve some kinds of cryptograms, such as a [[permutation cipher]], a [[transposition cipher]], and the [[Jefferson disk]].<ref>[http://www.codesandciphers.org.uk/documents/cryptdict/page55.htm Bletchley Park Cryptographic Dictionary]. Codesandciphers.org.uk. Retrieved on 2014-05-12.</ref> Solutions may be computationally found using a [[Jumble algorithm]].