Editing Animal testing (section)

===Dogs===
{{See also|Laika|Soviet space dogs}}{{anchor|Cats and dogs}}
[[File:Beagle 600.jpg|thumb|Beagles are commonly used for animal testing.]]
Dogs are widely used in biomedical research, testing, and education—particularly [[beagle]]s, because they are gentle and easy to handle, and to allow for comparisons with historical data from beagles (a Reduction technique).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Taylor |first1=Katy |last2=Alvarez |first2=Laura Rego |date=November 2019 |title=An Estimate of the Number of Animals Used for Scientific Purposes Worldwide in 2015 |journal=Alternatives to Laboratory Animals |volume=47 |issue=5–6 |pages=196–213 |doi=10.1177/0261192919899853 |pmid=32090616 |s2cid=211261775 |issn=0261-1929|doi-access=free }}</ref> They are used as models for human and veterinary diseases in cardiology, [[endocrinology]], and bone and joint studies, research that tends to be highly invasive, according to the [[Humane Society of the United States]].<ref name="HSUSDogs">{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080226113001/http://www.hsus.org/animals_in_research/species_used_in_research/dog.html Dog profile]}}, The Humane Society of the United States</ref> The most common use of dogs is in the safety assessment of new medicines<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Smith|first1=D|last2=Broadhead|first2=C|last3=Descotes|first3=G|last4=Fosse|first4=R|last5=Hack|first5=R|last6=Krauser|first6=K|last7=Pfister|first7=R|last8=Phillips|first8=B|last9=Rabemampianina|first9=Y|last10=Sanders|first10=J|last11=Sparrow|first11=S|last12=Stephan-Gueldner|first12=M|last13=Jacobsen|first13=SD|date=2002|title=Preclinical Safety Evaluation Using Nonrodent Species: An Industry/ Welfare Project to Minimize Dog Use|journal=ILAR|volume=43 Suppl|pages=S39-42|doi=10.1093/ilar.43.Suppl_1.S39|pmid=12388850|doi-access=free}}</ref> for human or veterinary use as a second species following testing in rodents, in accordance with the regulations set out in the [[International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use]]. One of the most significant advancements in medical science involves the use of dogs in developing the answers to insulin production in the body for diabetics and the role of the pancreas in this process. They found that the pancreas was responsible for producing insulin in the body and that removal of the pancreas, resulted in the development of diabetes in the dog. After re-injecting the pancreatic extract (insulin), the blood glucose levels were significantly lowered.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Quianzon|first1=Celeste C.|last2=Cheikh|first2=Issam|date=2012-07-16|title=History of insulin|journal=Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives|volume=2|issue=2|pages=18701|doi=10.3402/jchimp.v2i2.18701|issn=2000-9666|pmc=3714061|pmid=23882369}}</ref> The advancements made in this research involving the use of dogs has resulted in a definite improvement in the quality of life for both humans and animals.{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}}

The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal Welfare Report shows that 60,979 dogs were used in USDA-registered facilities in 2016.<ref name=USDA2016 /> In the UK, according to the UK Home Office, there were 3,847 procedures on dogs in 2017.<ref name=UK2017/> Of the other large EU users of dogs, Germany conducted 3,976 procedures on dogs in 2016<ref>{{cite web|url=https://speakingofresearch.com/2018/02/06/germany-sees-7-rise-in-animal-research-procedures-in-2016/|title=Germany sees 7% rise in animal research procedures in 2016|date=6 February 2018|publisher=Speaking of Research}}</ref> and France conducted 4,204 procedures in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://speakingofresearch.com/2018/03/20/france-italy-and-the-netherlands-publish-their-2016-statistics/#France|title=France, Italy and the Netherlands publish their 2016 statistics|date=20 March 2018|publisher=Speaking of Research}}</ref> In both cases this represents under 0.2% of the total number of procedures conducted on animals in the respective countries.