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Bible code
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===Rips and Witztum=== Rips and Witztum and Yoav Rosenberg designed computer software for the ELS technique and subsequently found many examples. About 1985, they decided to carry out a formal test, and the "Great rabbis experiment" was born. This experiment tested the hypothesis that ELS's of the names of famous rabbinic personalities and their respective birth and death dates form a more compact arrangement than could be explained by chance. Their definition of "compact" was complex but, roughly, two ELSs were compactly arranged if they can be displayed together in a small window. When Rips ''et al.'' carried out the experiment, the data was measured and found to be statistically significant, supporting their hypothesis. The "great rabbis experiment" went through several iterations, and was eventually published in 1994, in the [[peer review|peer-reviewed journal]] ''Statistical Science''. The editorial board was highly skeptical due to the fact that computers can be used to "mine" data for patterns that intuitively seem surprising but upon careful analysis are found to be statistically insignificant. While they did find a number of possible sources of error, they were unable to find anyone willing to put in the substantial time and energy required to properly reanalyze the data. However, they did find it intriguing, and therefore decided to offer it as a "challenging puzzle" for anyone interested in doing so. An unintended result of this was that outsiders mistook this as a confirmation of the paper's claims.<ref name="projecteuclid.org">{{cite book |author=Kass, R. E. |year=1999 |url=http://projecteuclid.org/DPubS/Repository/1.0/Disseminate?view=body&id=pdf_1&handle=euclid.ss/1009212242 |title=Introduction to "Solving the Bible Code Puzzle" by Brendan McKay, Dror Bar-Natan, Maya Bar-Hillel and Gil Kalai Statistical Science, 14 |page=149 |publisher=projecteuclid.org}}</ref>
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