Editing Bird migration (section)

===In seabirds===
[[File:2009 07 02 - Arctic tern nesting on Farne Islands.JPG |thumb |right |The [[Arctic tern]] migrates the greatest distance of any bird.]]

[[Seabird]] migration is similar in pattern to those of the waders and waterfowl. Some, such as the [[black guillemot]] ''Cepphus grylle'' and some [[gull]]s, are quite sedentary; others, such as most [[tern]]s and [[auk]]s breeding in the temperate northern hemisphere, move varying distances south in the northern winter. The [[Arctic tern]] ''Sterna paradisaea'' has the longest-distance migration of any bird, and sees more daylight than any other, moving from its Arctic breeding grounds to the Antarctic non-breeding areas.<ref name=Cramp>{{cite book |title=Birds of the Western Palearctic |editor-last=Cramp |editor-first=S. |year=1985 |pages=87–100 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-857507-8}}</ref> One Arctic tern, [[Bird ringing|ringed]] (banded) as a chick on the [[Farne Islands]] in [[Northumberland]] off the [[Great Britain|British]] east coast, reached [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]] in just three months from fledging, a sea journey of over {{convert|22,000|km|nmi|sigfig=2|abbr=on}}, while another also from the Farne Islands with a [[light level geolocator]] tag 'G82' covered a staggering {{convert|96,000|km|nmi|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} in just 10 months from the end of one breeding season to the start of the next, travelling not just the length of the Atlantic Ocean and the width of the Indian Ocean, but also half way across the South Pacific to the boundary between the [[Ross Sea|Ross]] and [[Amundsen Sea]]s before returning back west along the Antarctic coast and back up the Atlantic.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |last1=BBC News |title=Arctic tern in record-breaking migration from Farne Islands |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-tyne-36466763 |access-date=2024-07-24 |agency=BBC |date=7 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="Redfern">{{cite journal |last1=Redfern |first1=Chris |last2=Bevan |first2=Richard M. |title=Use of sea ice by arctic terns Sterna paradisaea in Antarctica and impacts of climate change |journal=Journal of Avian Biology |date=2020 |volume=51 |issue=2 |doi=10.1111/jav.02318 |url=https://nsojournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.02318 |access-date=24 July 2024|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Many tubenosed birds breed in the southern hemisphere and migrate north in the southern winter.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c1198/chapters/150-161_Seabirds.pdf |title=Seabirds |publisher=USGS |work=Circular 1198 |date=2001 |access-date=19 June 2014 |last=Pyle |first=Peter |pages=154}}</ref>

The most pelagic species, mainly in the 'tubenose' order [[Procellariiformes]], are great wanderers, and the [[albatross]]es of the southern oceans may circle the globe as they ride the "[[Roaring Forties]]" outside the breeding season. The tubenoses spread widely over large areas of open ocean, but congregate when food becomes available. Many are among the longest-distance migrants; [[sooty shearwater]]s ''Puffinus griseus'' nesting on the [[Falkland Islands]] migrate {{convert|14,000|km|nmi|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} between the breeding colony and the [[Atlantic Ocean|North Atlantic Ocean]] off [[Norway]]. Some [[Manx shearwater]]s ''Puffinus puffinus'' do this same journey in reverse. As they are long-lived birds, they may cover enormous distances during their lives; one record-breaking Manx shearwater is calculated to have flown {{convert|8|e6km|e6nmi|round=0.5|abbr=off}} during its over-50-year lifespan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/europe/04/18/britain.bird/index.html?iref=allsearch |title=Oldest bird clocks 5 million miles |publisher=CNN.com |date=18 April 2002 |access-date=31 March 2013 |author=Anon}}</ref>