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Bone char
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===Niche uses=== *It is used to refine [[petroleum|crude oil]] in the production of [[petroleum jelly]]. *In the 18th and 19th centuries, bone char mixed with tallow or wax (or both) was used by soldiers in the field to impregnate military leather equipment, both to increase its lifespan and as the simplest way to obtain pigment for black leatherware. Military and civilians used it as shoe polish and preservative, including on shoes with the "rough" side out. In period reference materials, it is referred to as "black ball". *The ESA-NASA [[Solar Orbiter]] satellite uses a refined form of bone char applied to its titanium heatshield. This protects it against the glare and heat of the sun. Irish company Embio developed the coating and uses its 'CoBlast' technique, originally developed to coat titanium medical implants.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Engineering_Technology/Prehistoric_cave_pigment_to_shield_ESA_s_Solar_Orbiter|title=Prehistoric cave pigment to shield ESA's Solar Orbiter|website=[[ESA.int]]}}</ref> [[File:Solar Orbiter Structural Thermal Model.jpg|thumb|This photo shows the Solar Orbiter with its black, bone char coated heatshield.]]
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