Editing Bracero Program (section)

==Emergency Farm Labor Program and Federal Public laws==

[[File:Bracero Workers.jpg | thumb|right | Mexican farm workers in Oregon during the Bracero Program]]
'''<small>1942-1947 Emergency Farm Labor Supply Program</small>'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Number of Braceros
! Applicable U.S. Law
! Date of Enactment
|-
| 1942
| 4,203
| 56 Stat. 1759, E.A.S. 278 - No. 312 <ref>{{cite journal |date=August 4, 1942 |title=Mexico - Migration of Agricultural Workers - August 4, 1942 |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/llsl-v56/ |journal=United States Statutes at Large |volume=LVI |trans-title=56 Stat. 1759, E.A.S. 278 - No. 312 |issue=U.S. Statutes at Large, Volume 56 (1942), 77th Congress, Session II |publisher=United States Library of Congress |pages=1759–1769}}</ref>
| August 4, 1942
|-
| 1943
| (44,600)<ref>average for '43, 45–46 calculated from total of 220,000 braceros contracted '42-47, cited in Navarro, Armando, ''Mexicano political experience in occupied Aztlán'' (2005)</ref>
| {{uspl|78|45}} | 57 Stat. 70
| April 29, 1943
|-
| 1944
| 62,170
| {{uspl|78|229}} | 58 Stat. 11
| February 14, 1944
|-
| 1945
| (44,600)
| {{uspl|79|269}} | 59 Stat. 632
| December 28, 1945
|-
| 1946
| (44,600)
| {{uspl|79|731}} | 60 Stat. 1062
| August 14, 1946
|-
| 1947
| (30,000)<ref name="Navarro, Armando 2005">average for '47–48 calculated from total of 74,600 braceros contracted '47–49, cited in Navarro, Armando, ''Mexicano political experience in occupied Aztlán'' (2005)</ref>
| {{uspl|80|40}} | 61 Stat. 55
| April 28, 1947
|-
| 1947
| (30,000)<ref name="Navarro, Armando 2005"/>
| {{uspl|80|76}} | 61 Stat. 106
| May 26, 1947
|-
| 1947
| (30,000)<ref name="Navarro, Armando 2005"/>
| {{uspl|80|131}} | 61 Stat. 202
| June 30, 1947
|-
| 1947
| (30,000)<ref name="Navarro, Armando 2005"/>
| {{uspl|80|298}} | 61 Stat. 694
| July 31, 1947
|}
'''<small>1948-1964 Farm Labor Supply Program</small>'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Number of Braceros
! Applicable U.S. Law
! Date of Enactment
|-
| 1948
| (30,000)
| {{uspl|80|893}} | 62 Stat. 1238
| July 3, 1948
|-
| 1948–50
| (79,000/yr)<ref>average calculated from total of 401,845 braceros under the period of negotiated administrative agreements, cited in Navarro, Armando, ''Mexicano political experience in occupied Aztlán'' (2005)</ref>
| Period of administrative agreements
|
|-
| 1951
| 192,000<ref>Data 1951–67 cited in Gutiérrez, David Gregory, ''Between two worlds'' (1996)</ref>
| {{uspl|82|78}} | 65 Stat. 119
| July 12, 1951
|-
| 1952
| 197,100
| Agricultural Act, 1949 Amended - Title V
| July 12, 1951
|-
| 1953
| 201,380
| {{uspl|83|237}} | 67 Stat. 500
| August 8, 1953
|-
| 1954
| 309,033
| {{uspl|83|309}} | 68 Stat. 28
| March 16, 1954
|-
| 1955
| 398,650
| {{uspl|84|319}} | 69 Stat. 615
| August 9, 1955
|-
| 1956
| 445,197
| Agricultural Act, 1949 Amended - Title V
| July 12, 1951
|-
| 1957
| 436,049
| Agricultural Act, 1949 Amended - Title V
| July 12, 1951
|-
| 1958
| 432,491
| {{uspl|85|779}} | 72 Stat. 934
| August 27, 1958
|-
| 1959
| 437,000
| Agricultural Act, 1949 Amended - Title V
| July 12, 1951
|-
| 1960
| 319,412
| {{uspl|86|783}} | 74 Stat. 1021
| September 14, 1960
|-
| 1961
| 296,464
| {{uspl|87|345}} | 75 Stat. 761
| October 3, 1961
|-
| 1962
| 198,322
| Agricultural Act, 1949 Amended - Title V
| July 12, 1951
|-
| 1963
| 186,000
| Agricultural Act, 1949 Amended - Title V
| July 12, 1951
|-
| 1964
| 179,298
| {{uspl|88|203}} | 77 Stat. 363
| December 13, 1963
|}

The workers who participated in the bracero program have generated significant local and international struggles challenging the U.S. government and Mexican government to identify and return 10 percent mandatory deductions taken from their pay, from 1942 to 1948, for savings accounts that they were legally guaranteed to receive upon their return to Mexico at the conclusion of their contracts. Many field working braceros never received their savings, but most railroad working braceros did.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|title = Braceros: History, Compensation – Rural Migration News {{!}} Migration Dialogue|url = https://migration.ucdavis.edu/rmn/more.php?id=1112|website = migration.ucdavis.edu|access-date = February 23, 2016}}</ref>

[[Lawsuit]]s presented in federal courts in [[California]], in the late 1990s and early 2000s (decade), highlighted the substandard conditions and documented the ultimate destiny of the savings accounts deductions, but the suit was thrown out because the Mexican banks in question never operated in the United States. Today, it is stipulated that ex-braceros can receive up to $3,500.00 as compensation for the 10% only by supplying check stubs or contracts proving they were part of the program during 1942 to 1948. It is estimated that, with interest accumulated, $500 million is owed to ex-braceros, who continue to fight to receive the money owed to them.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>