Editing Branching process (section)

== Simulating branching processes ==
Branching processes can be simulated for a range of problems. One specific use of simulated branching process is in the field of evolutionary biology.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hagen|first1=O.|last2=Hartmann|first2=K.|last3=Steel|first3=M.|last4=Stadler|first4=T.|date=2015-05-01|title=Age-Dependent Speciation Can Explain the Shape of Empirical Phylogenies|journal=Systematic Biology|language=en|volume=64|issue=3|pages=432–440|doi=10.1093/sysbio/syv001|pmid=25575504|pmc=4395845|issn=1063-5157}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hagen|first1=Oskar|last2=Andermann|first2=Tobias|last3=Quental|first3=Tiago B.|last4=Antonelli|first4=Alexandre|last5=Silvestro|first5=Daniele|title=Estimating Age-Dependent Extinction: Contrasting Evidence from Fossils and Phylogenies|journal=Systematic Biology|volume=67|issue=3|pages=458–474|doi=10.1093/sysbio/syx082|date=May 2018|pmid=29069434|pmc=5920349|doi-access=free}}</ref> Phylogenetic trees, for example, can be simulated under several models,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hagen|first1=Oskar|last2=Stadler|first2=Tanja|title=TreeSimGM: Simulating phylogenetic trees under general Bellman–Harris models with lineage-specific shifts of speciation and extinction in R|journal=Methods in Ecology and Evolution|volume=9|issue=3|language=en|pages=754–760|doi=10.1111/2041-210X.12917|pmid=29938014|pmc=5993341|issn=2041-210X|year=2018|bibcode=2018MEcEv...9..754H }}</ref> helping to develop and validate estimation methods as well as supporting hypothesis testing.