Editing Buganda (section)

===Expansion===
In the 16th century, Bunyoro invaded Buganda, killing Kabaka [[Nakibinge of Buganda|Nakinge]], however Buganda managed to maintain their independence.<ref name=":2">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Buganda |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of African History And Culture: Volume 3 |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopedia-of-african-history-and-culture-volume-3/page/35/mode/2up?q=biito&view=theater |last=Mirza |first=Umair |date=2005}}</ref> After this, they began to expand, as Bunyoro-Kitara entered into decline. Much of this expansion was at the expense of Bunyoro-Kitara, and occurred in the reigns of [[Kimbugwe of Buganda|Kimbugwe]], [[Kateregga of Buganda|Katerega]], and [[Mutebi I of Buganda|Mutebi]] during the 17th and 18th centuries. Among those conquered was [[Buddu]], parts of [[Busoga]], and parts of the [[Kingdom of Karagwe]], and [[Kooki]] was made a tributary.<ref name=":8" /> Defeated rulers were replaced with military leaders, which contributed to the increasing unity of that state.<ref name=":2" /> Historically, the Banyoro of Bunyoro-Kitara were the Baganda's most hated and despised enemies. They were so hated that the word "Nyoro" became a synonym for "foreigner" and was used to refer to all other tribes whether they were truly ethnic Nyoro or not.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s0irmwEACAAJ |title=Political power in pre-colonial Buganda : economy, society & warfare in the nineteenth century |date=2002 |publisher=James Currey |isbn=978-0-8214-1477-4 |page=115}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Strangers_in_African_Societies/YeFFSyGGeBoC?hl=en |title=Strangers in African Societies |page=236}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/59095 |title=The story of Kintu and his sons: naming, ethnic identity formation and power in the precolonial Great Lakes Region of East Africa |pages=24–25}}</ref>

By the 19th century, Buganda was an "embryonic empire".{{sfnp|Osterhammel|2015|p=445}} It built fleets of war canoes from the 1840s to take control of [[Lake Victoria]] and the surrounding regions and subjugated several weaker peoples. These subject peoples were then exploited for cheap labor.{{sfnp|Osterhammel|2015|p=445}} The first Europeans to enter the Kingdom of Buganda were British explorers [[John Hanning Speke]] and Captain Sir [[Richard Francis Burton]] while searching for the headwaters of the Nile in 1862. They found a highly organized political system.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sagan|first1=Eli|title=At the Dawn of Tyranny: The Origins of Individualism, Political Oppression, and the State|url=https://archive.org/details/atdawnoftyrannyo00saga|url-access=registration|date=1985|publisher=Vintage Books/Random House|location=NYC|isbn=0-394-74670-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/atdawnoftyrannyo00saga/page/n28 3]}}</ref>

After Buganda conquered Buddu, it was able to launch raids deep into western Uganda. Kabaka [[Ssuuna II of Buganda|Suna II]] invaded and plundered the [[Nkore|kingdom of Nkore]] three times. Buganda would eventually conquer territory away from Ankole such as Kabula and significant parts of the Bwera kingdom, whose grazing lands had been used by [[Hima people|Hima pastoralists]]. Mutumbuka, the ''Mugabe'' (king) of Nkore, died in 1870, it caused a succession crisis, which Buganda took advantage of. King [[Muteesa I of Buganda|Mutesa]] sent an envoy to intercede. The purpose of the peace envoy was to make a blood brotherhood with Makumbi, who was the leader of the Nkore delegation and one of the legitimate claimants to be the next king of Nkore. Buganda secretly ordered its envoy to massacre as many of Makumbi's followers as possible (to support Makumbi's rival, Mukwenda, who was the pretender to the throne supported by Buganda). The meeting was set in Kabula, where Makumbi's supporters were led into a trap, resulting in over 70 leaders, including 20 princes, being slaughtered. It was "the height of treachery that was difficult to forget" in the [[Banyankole]]'s eyes. Even in modern times, Banyankole elders were still lamenting the massacre, saying, "Only the Baganda could have thought of such a thing."<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_History_of_the_Kingdom_of_Nkore_in_Wes/gG0cAAAAMAAJ?hl=en|title=A History of the Kingdom of Nkore in Western Uganda to 1896|page=240}}</ref>