Editing CSS Shenandoah (section)

===Fate of the crew===
After the surrender of ''Shenandoah'' to the British government, a decision had to be made of what to do with the Confederate crew, knowing the consequences of piracy charges. Clearly many of the crew originated from the United Kingdom and its colonies and were at risk of being considered pirates, and three had swum ashore in the cold November waters fearing the worst.<ref>"Last Flag Down"</ref>

After a full investigation by law officers of the Crown, it was decided that the officers and crew did not infringe the rules of war or the laws of nations to justify being held as prisoners, so they were unconditionally released.

{{blockquote|Liverpool Mercury Thursday 9th Nov. 1865.

THE SHENANDOAH. PAROLE OF THE CREW.

The government have at length taken a decided step in regard to the crew of this vessel. For the last two days the authorities in Liverpool have been in communication with the Secretary of State in reference to the detention of the ship and her crew. The Government seem to have been decided as to the necessity of retaining the vessel, pending an inquiry as to the action which her commander and crew have taken during the last few months, but there seems to have been some doubt as to the proper course to adopt with reference to the men on board. On inquiry at the Custom House yesterday morning, we were informed that the authorities had not received further instructions as to the vessel or her crew.

However, about 6 o'clock last night a telegram was received from Government by Captain Paynter, of her Majesty's ship Donegal, to whom the Shenandoah was surrendered, that the whole of the officers and crew, who were not British subjects were to be immediately paroled. Captain Paynter immediately proceeded to the [[Rock Ferry]] slip, and applied for a steamboat. The Rock Ferry steamer Bee was placed at his disposal by Mr. Thwaites, in which he immediately proceeded alongside the Shenandoah. Captain Paynter went on board and communicated to the officers the object of his visit. The crew were mustered on the quarterdeck by the officers of the ship, the roll book was brought out, and the names of the men called out as they occurred. As each man answered to his name he was asked what countryman he was. In not one instance did any of them acknowledge to be British citizens. Many nations were represented among them, but the majority claimed to be natives of the Southern States of America or "Southern citizens". Several of those however, who purported to be Americans, had an unmistakably Scotch accent, and seemed more likely to have hailed from the banks of the Clyde than the Mississippi. Captain Paynter informed the men that by order of the Government they were all paroled, and might proceed at once to shore. This intelligence was received by the men with every demonstration of joy, and they seemed to be delighted at the prospect of leaving the craft in which they had hoped to be able to assist the Southern Confederacy. They commenced to pack up their bedding and other articles as fast as possible, and conveyed on board the Bee, which was to take them to the landing stage. Before leaving the vessel, however, they gave three lusty cheers, for Captain Waddell, their late commander. Captain Waddell, in feeling terms, acknowledged the compliment, and said that he hoped the men would always behave themselves, as brave sailors ought to do. The men then went aboard the Bee, and were conveyed to the landing stage. This separated the Shenandoah and her crew, and the vessel now rides at anchor in the [[Sloyne]] in charge of some men from the Donegal, under the command of Lieutenant Cheek.<ref name="whenliverpoolwasdixie.org.uk"/>}}

[[Lieutenant commander (United States)|Lieutenant Commander]] [[James Iredell Waddell|James I. Waddell]] of North Carolina
{{div col}}
*[[First Lieutenant#U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard|First Lieutenant]] and Executive Officer, W.C. Whittle* of Virginia
*[[Lieutenant#Lieutenant|Lieutenant]] John Grimball of South Carolina
*Lieutenant Sidney Smith Lee* Jr. of Virginia
*Lieutenant Francis Thornton Chew of Missouri
*Lieutenant Dabney Minor Scales of Mississippi
*[[Sailing Master#United States Navy|Sailing Master]] Irvine S. Bulloch of Georgia
*[[Ensign (rank)#United States|Passed Midshipman]] Orris Applewaith Browne* of Virginia
*Passed Midshipman John Thompson Mason* of Virginia
*[[Surgeon]] Charles E. Lining of South Carolina
*Assistant Surgeon F.J. McNulty of District of Columbia
*[[Paymaster]] William Breedlove Smith of Louisiana
*[[Chief Engineer]] M. O'Brien of Louisiana
*[[First Assistant Engineer|Assistant Engineer]] Codd of Maryland
* Assistant Marine Engineer John Hutchison of Scotland
*[[Master's mate#US Navy|Master's mate]] John Minor of Virginia
*Master's Mate Lodge Colton of Maryland
*Master's Mate Cornelius E. Hunt of Virginia
*[[Boatswain's Mate (United States Navy)|Boatswain]] George Harwood of England
*Gunner Guy of England
*[[Carpenter (occupation)#Types and occupations|Carpenter]] O'Shea of Ireland
*[[Sailmaker]] Henry Alcott of England
{{div col end}}

Sometime in December 1865, crew members S.S. Lee, Orris M. Brown, John T. Mason and W.C. Whittle sailed from Liverpool to [[Buenos Aires]], via Bahia, [[Rio de Janeiro]] and [[Montevideo]]. After prospecting for a while, they went to [[Rosario]], upon [[Paraná River]], and near there bought a small place and began farming.{{citation needed|date = November 2015}} As the animosity of the US government began to soften towards them, Brown and Mason returned home, followed later by Lee and Whittle.{{citation needed|date = November 2015}}

On returning home, Mason took a law course at the [[University of Virginia]], graduated, and was successful at his profession. He settled in Baltimore, and married Miss Helen Jackson, of New York, daughter of the late Lieutenant Alonzo Jackson of the [[U.S. Navy]].<ref name="tribute">{{cite web|url=http://www.csa-dixie.com/liverpool_dixie/whittle.htm|title=Tribute by Capt. W. C. Whittle CSN to John T. Mason and the Shenandoah|date=October 1904|work=The Cruise of the CSS Shenandoah|publisher=Southern Crossroads|access-date=24 January 2010|archive-date=7 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207142401/http://csa-dixie.com/liverpool_dixie/whittle.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Whittle returned home to Virginia from Buenos Aires in 1867. Born in [[Norfolk, Virginia]] in 1840, an 1858 graduate of the [[U.S. Naval Academy]] and an officer in the U.S. Navy before resigning his commission to accept a commission in the [[Confederate States Navy]], Whittle was appointed captain of one of the Bay line steamers running between Baltimore, Norfolk and Portsmouth in 1868 shortly after returning to Virginia and continued in this capacity until 1890. After, he was a Superintendent for the [[Norfolk and Western Railway]] Company. In 1902, he became an organizer of the Virginia Bank and Trust Company, [[Virginia Bank and Trust Building]], and served as its vice president and one of its directors thereafter.<ref>William C. Whittle "The Cruise of the Shenandoah" published in series on March 13 and April 3, 1907 in the Confederate Column of the ''Portsmouth Star''. ''Southern Historical Society Papers''. (1907) (R.A. Brock, Ed.). Richmond, Virginia: Southern Historical Society, Vol. 35, pp. 235–237</ref>

Born in 1824, Captain Waddell was a former U.S. Navy officer with decades of sailing experience and a [[Mexican–American War]] naval combat veteran before resigning his commission to accept a commission in the Confederate States Navy. He returned from England to the United States in 1875 to captain ''San Francisco'' for the Pacific Mail Company. He later took command of a force that policed the oyster fleets in the [[Chesapeake Bay]]. In 1886, Waddell died of a brain disorder and was buried at St. Anne's Episcopal Church in [[Annapolis, Maryland]].<ref>''Dictionary of North Carolina Biography''. (1996). (William S. Powell, Ed.). Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, Vol. 6, p. 106 {{ISBN|0-8078-2225-6}}</ref>

Dr. Frederick J. McNulty, the ship's assistant surgeon, eventually became a resident of [[Boston, Massachusetts]], where he was first employed as Superintendent of the City Lunatic Asylum at Austin Farm and, later, opened there a private sanitarium called Pine Grove Retreat at [[Roslindale]] while continuing to reside at 706 Huntington Avenue, Boston. He became a primary historical source for chroniclers of the actions of ''Shenandoah''. Whittle recounts that McNulty, a man of irascible temper, laid the ship's barber out with a single blow when the barber shoved shaving soap in his mouth as part of the crew's hazing of the ship's officers in celebration of crossing the equator. McNulty enlisted as a surgical officer in the Chilean Navy immediately after the surrender of ''Shenandoah'' and later in 1869 accepted a commission in the Cuban Patriot Army, but was repeatedly prevented from traveling to join the Army by U.S. government authorities before settling in Boston in 1879. McNulty is variously reported to have been a native of [[Ireland]], the [[District of Columbia]] and [[Richmond, Virginia]], but was most likely Irish. He graduated from the [[Georgetown University School of Medicine]] in the District of Columbia and lived in Richmond, Virginia before resigning his commission in the medical service of the U.S. Navy to accept a commission in the Confederate States Navy. McNulty died at his home in Boston on June 14, 1897, at the age of 62.<ref>''Medical Record'' Vol. 51, No. 25, June 19, 1897, "Obituary Notes Dr. Frederick J. McNulty", p. 884 (Google digitized Dec. 11, 2013)</ref><ref>William C. Whittle "The Cruise of the Shenandoah", published in series on March 13 and April 3, 1907 in Confederate Column of the ''Portsmouth Star''. ''Southern Historical Society Papers''. (1907) (R.A. Brock, Ed.). Richmond, Virginia: Southern Historical Society, Vol. 35, p. 243, 247 (Google digitized Dec. 17, 2007).</ref><ref>James Riley "The Shenandoah" as recounted to the author by Dr. F.J. McNulty and originally published in the Atlanta ''Constitution'', November, 1893, ''Southern Historical Papers''. (1893). (R.A. Brock, Ed.). Richmond, Virginia: Southern Historical Society, Vol. 21, p. 165-176 (Google digitized January 5, 2008)</ref><ref>''Eleventh Annual Report of the State Board of Lunacy and Charity of Massachusetts''. 1890. Public Doc. No. 17. Boston, Massachusetts: Wright & Potter, p. 43 (Google digitized Dec. 2, 2008)</ref><ref>''Confederate Veteran'', Vol. 12, No. 10, October, 1904, Nashville, Tennessee, "The Cruise of the Shenandoah" pp. 489–490</ref>