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Cancer research
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=== Treatment === {{main|Treatment of cancer}} <!--- break this section down into: ==== Surgical research ==== ==== Chemotherapy ==== ==== Targeted therapy ==== ==== Radiation ==== ==== Other advances(?) ==== ---> Emerging topics of cancer treatment research include: *[[Cancer vaccine|Anti-cancer vaccines]] **[[Oncophage]]<ref name="pmid18990084">{{cite journal | vauthors = di Pietro A, Tosti G, Ferrucci PF, Testori A | title = Oncophage: step to the future for vaccine therapy in melanoma | journal = Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy | volume = 8 | issue = 12 | pages = 1973–84 | date = December 2008 | pmid = 18990084 | doi = 10.1517/14712590802517970 | s2cid = 83589014 }}</ref> **[[Sipuleucel-T]] (Provenge) is a prostate cancer vaccine **Inactivated tumor cells are investigated as potential bifunctional cancer vaccines<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=Kok-Siong |last2=Reinshagen |first2=Clemens |last3=Van Schaik |first3=Thijs A. |last4=Rossignoli |first4=Filippo |last5=Borges |first5=Paulo |last6=Mendonca |first6=Natalia Claire |last7=Abdi |first7=Reza |last8=Simon |first8=Brennan |last9=Reardon |first9=David A. |last10=Wakimoto |first10=Hiroaki |last11=Shah |first11=Khalid |title=Bifunctional cancer cell–based vaccine concomitantly drives direct tumor killing and antitumor immunity |journal=Science Translational Medicine |date=4 January 2023 |volume=15 |issue=677 |pages=eabo4778 |doi=10.1126/scitranslmed.abo4778 |pmid=36599004 |pmc=10068810 |s2cid=255416438 }}</ref> * Newer forms of [[chemotherapy]] *[[Gene therapy]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Gene Therapy, Cancer-Killing Viruses And New Drugs Highlight Novel Approaches To Cancer Treatment | work=Medical News Today | url=http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=68204 | access-date=24 April 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=World first gene therapy trial for leukaemia | work=LLR | url=http://leukaemialymphomaresearch.org.uk/research/achievements/new-treatments-blood-cancers | access-date=23 July 2013 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802091406/http://leukaemialymphomaresearch.org.uk/research/achievements/new-treatments-blood-cancers | archive-date=2 August 2013 }}</ref><ref>[https://www.nature.com/news/chinese-scientists-to-pioneer-first-human-crispr-trial-1.20302 Chinese scientists to pioneer first human CRISPR trial]</ref> *[[Photodynamic therapy]] *[[Radiation therapy]] *[[Reoviridae]] (Reolysin drug therapy) *[[Targeted therapy]] *[[Microbotics#Medical microbots|Medical microbots]] (including bacterial),<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=Christine K. |last2=Medina-Sánchez |first2=Mariana |last3=Edmondson |first3=Richard J. |last4=Schmidt |first4=Oliver G. |title=Engineering microrobots for targeted cancer therapies from a medical perspective |journal=Nature Communications |date=5 November 2020 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=5618 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19322-7 |pmid=33154372 |pmc=7645678 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5618S |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gwisai |first1=T. |last2=Mirkhani |first2=N. |last3=Christiansen |first3=M. G. |last4=Nguyen |first4=T. T. |last5=Ling |first5=V. |last6=Schuerle |first6=S. |title=Magnetic torque–driven living microrobots for increased tumor infiltration |journal=Science Robotics |date=26 October 2022 |volume=7 |issue=71 |pages=eabo0665 |doi=10.1126/scirobotics.abo0665 |pmid=36288270 |language=en |issn=2470-9476|biorxiv=10.1101/2022.01.03.473989|s2cid=253160428 }}</ref> [[Nanobiotechnology#Nanomedicine|nanobots]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kishore |first1=Chandra |last2=Bhadra |first2=Priyanka |title=Targeting Brain Cancer Cells by Nanorobot, a Promising Nanovehicle: New Challenges and Future Perspectives |journal=CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets |date=July 2021 |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=531–9 |doi=10.2174/1871527320666210526154801|pmid=34042038 |s2cid=235217854 }}</ref> and [[Cyborg#Bacterial cyborg cells|bacterial 'cyborg cells']]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Contreras-Llano |first1=Luis E. |last2=Liu |first2=Yu-Han |last3=Henson |first3=Tanner |last4=Meyer |first4=Conary C. |last5=Baghdasaryan |first5=Ofelya |last6=Khan |first6=Shahid |last7=Lin |first7=Chi-Long |last8=Wang |first8=Aijun |last9=Hu |first9=Che-Ming J. |last10=Tan |first10=Cheemeng |title=Engineering Cyborg Bacteria Through Intracellular Hydrogelation |journal=Advanced Science |date=11 January 2023 |volume=10 |issue=9 |pages=2204175 |doi=10.1002/advs.202204175 |pmid=36628538 |pmc=10037956 |language=en |issn=2198-3844|doi-access=free}} * News report about the study: {{cite news |last1=Firtina |first1=Nergis |title=Semi-living 'cyborg cells' could treat cancer, suggests new study |url=https://interestingengineering.com/health/semi-living-cyborg-cells-treat-cancer |access-date=15 February 2023 |work=Interesting Engineering |date=1 February 2023 |archive-date=15 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215185036/https://interestingengineering.com/health/semi-living-cyborg-cells-treat-cancer |url-status=live }}</ref>{{additional citation needed|date=February 2023}} * [[Virotherapy#Cancer treatment|Virotherapy]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lawler |first1=Sean E. |last2=Speranza |first2=Maria-Carmela |last3=Cho |first3=Choi-Fong |last4=Chiocca |first4=E. Antonio |title=Oncolytic Viruses in Cancer Treatment: A Review |journal=JAMA Oncology |date=1 June 2017 |volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=841–9 |doi=10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.2064|pmid=27441411 |s2cid=39321536 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Harrington |first1=Kevin |last2=Freeman |first2=Daniel J. |last3=Kelly |first3=Beth |last4=Harper |first4=James |last5=Soria |first5=Jean-Charles |title=Optimizing oncolytic virotherapy in cancer treatment |journal=Nature Reviews Drug Discovery |date=September 2019 |volume=18 |issue=9 |pages=689–706 |doi=10.1038/s41573-019-0029-0 |pmid=31292532 |s2cid=256745869 |language=en |issn=1474-1784}}</ref> * [[Antibodies]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Osborne |first1=Margaret |title=Small Cancer Trial Resulted in Complete Remission for All Participants |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/small-cancer-trial-resulted-in-complete-remission-for-all-participants-180980221/ |access-date=21 July 2022 |work=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cercek |first1=Andrea |last2=Lumish |first2=Melissa |last3=Sinopoli |first3=Jenna |last4=Weiss |first4=Jill |last5=Shia |first5=Jinru |last6=Lamendola-Essel |first6=Michelle |last7=El Dika |first7=Imane H. |last8=Segal |first8=Neil |last9=Shcherba |first9=Marina |last10=Sugarman |first10=Ryan |last11=Stadler |first11=Zsofia |last12=Yaeger |first12=Rona |last13=Smith |first13=J. Joshua |last14=Rousseau |first14=Benoit |last15=Argiles |first15=Guillem |last16=Patel |first16=Miteshkumar |last17=Desai |first17=Avni |last18=Saltz |first18=Leonard B. |last19=Widmar |first19=Maria |last20=Iyer |first20=Krishna |last21=Zhang |first21=Janie |last22=Gianino |first22=Nicole |last23=Crane |first23=Christopher |last24=Romesser |first24=Paul B. |last25=Pappou |first25=Emmanouil P. |last26=Paty |first26=Philip |last27=Garcia-Aguilar |first27=Julio |last28=Gonen |first28=Mithat |last29=Gollub |first29=Marc |last30=Weiser |first30=Martin R. |last31=Schalper |first31=Kurt A. |last32=Diaz |first32=Luis A. |title=PD-1 Blockade in Mismatch Repair–Deficient, Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=23 June 2022 |volume=386 |issue=25 |pages=2363–76 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2201445 |pmid=35660797 |pmc=9492301 |s2cid=249395846 |issn=0028-4793}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trastuzumab Deruxtecan Leads to Longer PFS and OS Compared with Chemotherapy in Previously Treated HER2-Low Unresectable or Metastatic Breast Cancer |url=https://www.esmo.org/oncology-news/trastuzumab-deruxtecan-leads-to-longer-pfs-and-os-compared-with-chemotherapy-in-previously-treated-her2-low-unresectable-or-metastatic-breast-cancer |access-date=21 July 2022 |work=www.esmo.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Modi |first1=Shanu |last2=Jacot |first2=William |last3=Yamashita |first3=Toshinari |last4=Sohn |first4=Joohyuk |last5=Vidal |first5=Maria |last6=Tokunaga |first6=Eriko |last7=Tsurutani |first7=Junji |last8=Ueno |first8=Naoto T. |last9=Prat |first9=Aleix |last10=Chae |first10=Yee Soo |last11=Lee |first11=Keun Seok |last12=Niikura |first12=Naoki |last13=Park |first13=Yeon Hee |last14=Xu |first14=Binghe |last15=Wang |first15=Xiaojia |last16=Gil-Gil |first16=Miguel |last17=Li |first17=Wei |last18=Pierga |first18=Jean-Yves |last19=Im |first19=Seock-Ah |last20=Moore |first20=Halle C. F. |last21=Rugo |first21=Hope S. |last22=Yerushalmi |first22=Rinat |last23=Zagouri |first23=Flora |last24=Gombos |first24=Andrea |last25=Kim |first25=Sung-Bae |last26=Liu |first26=Qiang |last27=Luo |first27=Ting |last28=Saura |first28=Cristina |last29=Schmid |first29=Peter |last30=Sun |first30=Tao |last31=Gambhire |first31=Dhiraj |last32=Yung |first32=Lotus |last33=Wang |first33=Yibin |last34=Singh |first34=Jasmeet |last35=Vitazka |first35=Patrik |last36=Meinhardt |first36=Gerold |last37=Harbeck |first37=Nadia |last38=Cameron |first38=David A. |title=Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in Previously Treated HER2-Low Advanced Breast Cancer |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=5 June 2022 |volume=387 |issue=1 |pages=9–20 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2203690 |pmid=35665782 |pmc=10561652 |hdl=2445/197309 |s2cid=249418284 |url=https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/4095995e-3067-46c9-875a-a70cdb641427 |language=en|hdl-access=free }}</ref>{{additional citation needed|date=December 2022}} * [[Photoimmunotherapy]] (for [[brain cancer]])<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/jun/17/scientists-harness-light-therapy-to-target-and-kill-cancer-cells-in-world-first |title=Scientists harness light therapy to target and kill cancer cells in world first |work=The Guardian| date=17 June 2022| access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mączyńska |first1=Justyna |last2=Raes |first2=Florian |last3=Da Pieve |first3=Chiara |last4=Turnock |first4=Stephen |last5=Boult |first5=Jessica K. R. |last6=Hoebart |first6=Julia |last7=Niedbala |first7=Marcin |last8=Robinson |first8=Simon P. |last9=Harrington |first9=Kevin J. |last10=Kaspera |first10=Wojciech |last11=Kramer-Marek |first11=Gabriela |title=Triggering anti-GBM immune response with EGFR-mediated photoimmunotherapy |journal=BMC Medicine |date=21 January 2022 |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=16 |doi=10.1186/s12916-021-02213-z |pmid=35057796 |pmc=8780306 |issn=1741-7015 |doi-access=free }} * News release: {{cite web | url=https://www.icr.ac.uk/news-archive/light-activated-photoimmunotherapy-could-enhance-brain-cancer-treatment |title=Light-activated 'photoimmunotherapy' could enhance brain cancer treatment |work=Institute of Cancer Research| date=16 June 2022| access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref>{{additional citation needed|date=December 2022}} *[[Natural killer cell]]s can induce [[immunological memory]].<ref name="CerwenkaLanier2016" /> Research is being developed to modify their action against cancer.<ref name="CerwenkaLanier2016">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cerwenka A, Lanier LL | title = Natural killer cell memory in infection, inflammation and cancer | journal = Nature Reviews. Immunology | volume = 16 | issue = 2 | pages = 112–123 | date = February 2016 | pmid = 26806484 | doi = 10.1038/nri.2015.9 | s2cid = 361806 | url = http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2qj442xk }}</ref> *How treatments can best be combined (in [[combination therapies]])<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zhu |first1=Shaoming |last2=Zhang |first2=Tian |last3=Zheng |first3=Lei |last4=Liu |first4=Hongtao |last5=Song |first5=Wenru |last6=Liu |first6=Delong |last7=Li |first7=Zihai |last8=Pan |first8=Chong-xian |title=Combination strategies to maximize the benefits of cancer immunotherapy |journal=Journal of Hematology & Oncology |date=December 2021 |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=156 |doi=10.1186/s13045-021-01164-5|pmid=34579759 |pmc=8475356 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
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