Editing Central Valley Project (section)

== Facilities in the Sacramento Valley ==

=== Sacramento River ===
[[File:6507-ShastaLakeFull.jpg|thumb|left|Shasta Dam, with Shasta Lake at its highest level, July 1965]]
Shasta Division consists of a pair of large dams on the [[Sacramento River]] north of the city of [[Redding, California|Redding]].<ref name="shastatrinity">{{cite web |url=http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Project.jsp?proj_Name=Shasta/Trinity%20River%20Division%20Project |title=Shasta/Trinity River Divisions |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Reclamation |work=Central Valley Project |date=2009-08-27 |access-date=2010-01-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130222212059/http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Project.jsp?proj_Name=Shasta%2FTrinity%20River%20Division%20Project |archive-date=2013-02-22 }}</ref> The [[Shasta Dam]] is the primary water storage and power generating facility of the CVP. It impounds the Sacramento River to form [[Shasta Lake]], which can store over {{convert|4500000|acre.ft|dam3}} of water, and can generate 680 MW of power.<ref name="ShastaDam">{{cite web |url=http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Facility.jsp?fac_Name=Shasta%20Dam |title=Shasta Dam |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Reclamation |work=Shasta Division |date=2009-06-04 |access-date=2010-01-16 |archive-date=September 25, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925130228/http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Facility.jsp?fac_Name=Shasta%20Dam |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usbr.gov/power/data/sites/shasta/shasta.html |title=Shasta Powerplant |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090401081847/http://www.usbr.gov/power/data/sites/shasta/shasta.html |archive-date=April 1, 2009 }}</ref> Shasta Dam functions to regulate the flow of the Sacramento River so that downstream diversion dams and canals can capture the flow of the river more efficiently, and to prevent flooding in the [[Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta]] where many water pump facilities for San Joaquin Valley aqueducts are located.<ref name="shastatrinity"/> The [[Keswick Dam]] functions as an afterbay (regulating reservoir) for the Shasta Dam, also generating power.<ref name="Keswick">{{cite web |url=http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Facility.jsp?fac_Name=Keswick+Dam |title=Keswick Dam |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Reclamation |work=Shasta Division |date=2009-06-04 |access-date=2010-01-16 |archive-date=November 12, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111112094731/http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Facility.jsp?fac_Name=Keswick+Dam |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usbr.gov/power/data/sites/keswick/keswick.html|title=Keswick Powerplant|access-date=2009-04-14|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080503230017/http://www.usbr.gov/power/data/sites/keswick/keswick.html |archive-date = May 3, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Sacramento Canals Division of the CVP takes water from the Sacramento River much farther downstream of the Shasta and Keswick Dams. [[Diversion dam]]s, pumping plants, and aqueducts provide municipal water supply as well as irrigation of about {{convert|100000|acre|dam2}}.<ref name="sacramentocanals">{{cite web |url=https://www.usbr.gov/projects/pdf.php?id=105|title=Sacramento River Division
|publisher=U.S. Bureau of Reclamation |work=Central Valley Project |date=1994
|access-date=2016-12-28}}</ref> The [[Red Bluff Diversion Dam]] diverts part of the Sacramento River<ref name="RedBluff">{{cite web |url=http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Facility.jsp?fac_Name=Red%20Bluff%20Diversion%20Dam |title=Red Bluff Diversion Dam |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Reclamation |work=Sacramento Canals Division |date=2009-06-04 |access-date=2010-01-16 |archive-date=September 25, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925130055/http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Facility.jsp?fac_Name=Red%20Bluff%20Diversion%20Dam |url-status=dead }}</ref> into the {{convert|110|mi|km|adj=on}} Tehama-Colusa Canal, the {{convert|21|mi|km|adj=on}} Corning Canal and a small reservoir formed by Funks Dam.<ref name="Funks">{{cite web |url=https://www.usbr.gov/projects/index.php?id=139 |title=Funks Dam |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Reclamation |work=Sacramento Canals Division
|date=2009-06-04}}</ref>  Six pump plants take water from the canal and feed it to the [[Colusa County, California|Colusa County]] water distribution grid.<ref name="sacramentocanals"/>

=== Trinity River ===
[[File:2013, Drainage Ditch, Friant-Kern Canal, Central Valley Project Irrigation System - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Drainage ditch in Central Valley Project<ref>{{Citation|last=English|first=Chris|title=2013, Drainage Ditch, Friant-Kern Canal, Central Valley Project Irrigation System|date=2013-12-09|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2013,_Drainage_Ditch,_Friant-Kern_Canal,_Central_Valley_Project_Irrigation_System_-_panoramio.jpg|access-date=2018-04-20}}</ref>]]
Water diversions from northern rivers in the state remain controversial due to environmental damage. Trinity River Division is the second largest CVP department for the northern Sacramento Valley. The primary purpose of the division is to divert water from the [[Trinity River (California)|Trinity River]] into the Sacramento River drainage downstream of Shasta Dam in order to provide more flow in the Sacramento River and generating [[peaking power]] in the process.<ref name="shastatrinity"/> [[Trinity Dam]] forms [[Trinity Lake]],<ref name="TrinityDam">{{cite web |url=http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Facility.jsp?fac_Name=Trinity+Dam |title=Trinity Dam |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Reclamation |work=Trinity River Division |date=2009-06-04 |access-date=2010-01-16 |archive-date=November 12, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111112100241/http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Facility.jsp?fac_Name=Trinity+Dam |url-status=dead }}</ref> the second largest CVP water-storage reservoir, with just over half the capacity of Shasta<ref name="shastatrinity"/> and a generating capacity of 140 MW.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usbr.gov/power/data/sites/trinity/trinity.html|title=Trinity Powerplant |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Reclamation|access-date=2009-04-14 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080503230035/http://www.usbr.gov/power/data/sites/trinity/trinity.html |archive-date = May 3, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Lewiston Dam (California)|Lewiston Dam]], downstream of Trinity Dam, diverts water into the Clear Creek Tunnel,<ref name="Lewiston">{{cite web |url=http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Facility.jsp?fac_Name=Lewiston+Dam |title=Lewiston Dam |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Reclamation |work=Trinity River Division |date=2009-06-04 |access-date=2010-01-16 |archive-date=November 12, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111112093657/http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Facility.jsp?fac_Name=Lewiston+Dam |url-status=dead }}</ref> which travels to empty into a third reservoir, [[Whiskeytown Lake]] on [[Clear Creek (Sacramento River)|Clear Creek]], a tributary of the Sacramento River, generating 154 MW of power in the process.<ref name="shastatrinity"/> Whiskeytown Lake (formed by Clair. A Hill Whiskeytown Dam<ref name="Whiskeytown">{{cite web |url=http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Facility.jsp?fac_Name=Whiskeytown+Dam |title=Whiskeytown Dam |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Reclamation |work=Trinity River Division |date=2009-06-04 |access-date=2010-01-16}}</ref>) in turn provides water to the Spring Creek Tunnel, which travels into the lowermost extreme of Spring Creek, a stream that flows into Keswick Reservoir, generating another 180 MW of electricity. From there the water from the Trinity River empties into Keswick Reservoir and the Sacramento River. In 1963, the [[Spring Creek Debris Dam]] was constructed just upstream of the outlet of the Spring Creek Tunnel, to prevent [[acid mine drainage]] from the [[Iron Mountain Mine]] from continuing downstream and contaminating the river.<ref name="SpringCreek">{{cite web |url=http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Facility.jsp?fac_Name=Spring+Creek+Debris+Dam |title=Spring Creek Debris Dam |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Reclamation |work=Trinity River Division |date=2009-06-04 |access-date=2010-01-16 |archive-date=June 13, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613135850/http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Facility.jsp?fac_Name=Spring+Creek+Debris+Dam |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== American River ===
[[File:Folsom dam usbr.jpg|thumb|right|Folsom Dam spilling during a flood]]
The American River Division is located in north-central California, on the east side of the Great Central Valley. Its structures use the water of the [[American River]], which drains off the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]] and flows into the [[Sacramento River]]. The division is further divided into three units: the Folsom, Sly Park and Auburn-Folsom South. The American River Division stores water in the American River watershed, to both provide water supply for local settlements, and supply it to the rest of the system. The dams also are an important flood control measure. [[Hydroelectricity]] is generated at Folsom and Nimbus dams, and marketed to the [[Western Area Power Administration]].<ref name="folsomslypark">{{cite web |url=http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Project.jsp?proj_Name=Folsom%20and%20Sly%20Park%20Units%20Project |title=Folsom and Sly Park Units |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Reclamation |work=Central Valley Project |date=2009-09-01 |access-date=2010-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111112081743/http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Project.jsp?proj_Name=Folsom%20and%20Sly%20Park%20Units%20Project |archive-date=November 12, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The Folsom Unit consists of [[Folsom Dam]], its primary water storage component, and [[Nimbus Dam]], which serves as its downstream forebay.<ref name="folsomslypark"/> The Folsom Dam is located on the American River, and stores {{convert|1010000|acre.ft|dam3}} of water in its reservoir, [[Folsom Lake]]. Folsom Lake covers {{convert|11550|acre}} and is located inside the [[Folsom Lake State Recreational Area]].<ref name="Folsom">{{cite web |url=http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Facility.jsp?fac_Name=Folsom%20Dam |title=Folsom Dam |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Reclamation |work=American River Division |date=2009-06-04 |access-date=2010-01-16 |archive-date=June 13, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613135900/http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Facility.jsp?fac_Name=Folsom%20Dam |url-status=dead }}</ref> Eight additional earth fill saddle dams are required to keep the reservoir from overflowing. The dam also generates 200 MW from three generators.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usbr.gov/power/data/sites/folsom/folsom.html|title=Folsom Powerplant|publisher=U.S. Bureau of Reclamation|access-date=2009-04-11|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080303233602/http://www.usbr.gov/power/data/sites/folsom/folsom.html |archive-date = March 3, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> About {{convert|7|mi|abbr=on}} downstream of Folsom Dam is the [[Nimbus Dam]], forming [[Lake Natoma]].<ref name="Nimbus">{{cite web |url=http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Facility.jsp?fac_Name=Nimbus+Dam&groupName=General |title=Nimbus Dam |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Reclamation |work=American River Division |date=2009-06-04 |access-date=2010-01-16}}</ref> The dam generates 7.7 MW from two [[Kaplan turbine]]s on the north side of the river. The ''[[Nimbus Fish Hatchery]]'' is located downstream of Nimbus Dam, to compensate for the two dams' destruction of American River spawning grounds.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.recreation.gov/detail.cfm?ID=26 |title=Nimbus Fish Hatchery |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060926044213/http://www.recreation.gov/detail.cfm?ID=26 |archive-date=September 26, 2006 }}</ref>

[[File:Slyparkdam.jpg|thumb|right|Sly Park Dam (left) and auxiliary dam (right)]]
The Sly Park Unit includes [[Sly Park Dam]], Jenkinson Lake, the Camp Creek Diversion Dam, and two diversion tunnels. The Sly Park Dam and its similarly-sized auxiliary dam form Jenkinson Lake, which covers {{convert|650|acre}}.<ref name="SlyPark">{{cite web |url=http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Facility.jsp?fac_Name=Sly+Park+Dam&groupName=Overview |title=Sly Park Dam |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Reclamation |work=American River Division |date=2009-06-04 |access-date=2010-01-16 |archive-date=June 13, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613135921/http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Facility.jsp?fac_Name=Sly+Park+Dam&groupName=Overview |url-status=dead }}</ref> Jenkinson Lake feeds the Camino Conduit, a {{convert|5|mi|abbr=on}} [[aqueduct (watercourse)|aqueduct]].<ref name="folsomslypark"/> The Camp Creek Diversion Dam diverts some water from Camp Creek into Jenkinson Lake.<ref name="CampCreek">{{cite web |url=http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Facility.jsp?fac_Name=Camp+Creek+Diversion+Dam |title=Camp Creek Diversion Dam |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Reclamation |work=American River Division |date=2009-06-04 |access-date=2010-01-16 |archive-date=June 13, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613135937/http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Facility.jsp?fac_Name=Camp+Creek+Diversion+Dam |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The third unit is the [[Auburn-Folsom South Unit]], consisting of several dams on American River tributaries. These include [[Sugar Pine Dam]] and Pipeline (supplying water to [[Foresthill, California|Foresthill]]), and the uncompleted Folsom South Canal.<ref name="auburnfolsom">{{cite web |url=http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Project.jsp?proj_Name=Auburn-Folsom%20South%20Unit%20Project |title=Auburn-Folsom South Unit |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Reclamation |author=Central Valley Project |date=2009-08-31 |access-date=2010-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921004246/http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Project.jsp?proj_Name=Auburn-Folsom%20South%20Unit%20Project |archive-date=September 21, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The primary component of the unit, concrete thin-arch [[Auburn Dam]], was to be located on the North Fork of the American, but was never built because of the significant risk of earthquakes in the area, and general public opposition to the project.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geoengineer.org/auburn.htm|title=Auburn Dam|publisher=geoengineer.org|access-date=2009-04-11}}</ref> However, the high [[Foresthill Bridge]], built as part of the preliminary work for Auburn Dam, still stands. County Line Dam, about {{convert|10|mi|km}} south of Folsom Dam, was also never built.<ref name="auburnfolsom"/>