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Choctaw language
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===Vowels=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" | ! colspan="2" |[[Short vowel|Short]]{{ref|v1|1}} ! rowspan="2" |[[Long vowel|Long]] ! rowspan="2" |[[Nasal vowel|Nasal]]{{ref|v2|2}} |- !<small>tense</small> !<small>lax</small> |- ! [[Close front unrounded vowel|Close front]] |{{IPA|i}} |{{IPA|ɪ}} |{{IPA|iː}} |{{IPA|ĩː~ẽː}} |- ! [[Close-mid back unrounded vowel|Close-mid back]] |{{IPA|o}} |{{IPA|ʊ}} |{{IPA|oː}} |{{IPA|õː}} |- ! [[Open central unrounded vowel|Open central]] |{{IPA|a}} |{{IPA|ə}} |{{IPA|aː}} |{{IPA|ãː}} |} # {{note|v1}} Lax vowels occur more often in closed syllables.<ref name="Broadwell16-18 2006" /> In traditional orthography, ''ʋ'' usually indicates {{IPA|[ə]}} and ''u'' usually indicates {{IPA|[ʊ]}}. Exceptions include ''pokoli'' (''traditional'') for {{IPA|/pʊk.koli/}}, ''imalakusi'' for {{IPA|/imaːlakosi/}}. The traditional orthography does not distinguish lax and tense front vowels; instead it indicates {{IPA|/iː/}} with ''e''. # {{note|v2}} Nasal vowels are intrinsically long. ====Pitch==== # In Choctaw, very few words are distinguished only by pitch accent.<ref name="Broadwell16-18 2006">Broadwell (2006:16-18)</ref> Nouns in Choctaw have pitch realization at the penultimate syllable or the ultimate syllable.<ref name="Broadwell16-18 2006" /> Verbs in Choctaw will have pitch realization at morphemes indicating tense, but sometimes, pitch directly precedes the tense morpheme.<ref name="Broadwell16-18 2006" />
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