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Chrome plating
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==Divalent chromium== ''Divalent chromium plating'' is done from liquids comprising Cr<sup>2+</sup> species. Such solutions were avoided prior to ca. 2020, because of air-sensitivity and [[Hydrogen evolution reaction|hydrogen evolution]] from aqueous Cr<sup>2+</sup> solutions. In the 2020s, it was discovered that [[chromous chloride]] has ca. 4.0 M [[solubility]] in water at room temperature (i.e. with H<sub>2</sub>O:Cr molar ratio around 14:1), and such liquids behave like [[Supersaturation|supersaturated]] electrolytes with a reduced propensity toward hydrogen evolution. The best quality bright deposits are produced at relatively high current density of 20 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>.<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c04715 | title=Concentrated Aqueous Solution of Chromium Dichloride for Chromium Metal Electrodeposition | date=2022 | last1=Matsumoto | first1=Kazuhiko | last2=Zhang | first2=Jingyuan | last3=Yoneda | first3=Nozomi | last4=Numata | first4=Koma | last5=Okuno | first5=Kazuki | last6=Hagiwara | first6=Rika | journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry C | volume=126 | issue=33 | pages=14346β14352 | hdl=2433/276137 | hdl-access=free }}</ref>
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