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Chuvash language
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===Consonants=== The consonants are the following (the corresponding Cyrillic letters are in brackets): The [[stop consonant|stop]]s, [[sibilant]]s and [[affricate]]s are [[voiceless]] and [[fortis and lenis|fortes]] but become [[fortis and lenis|lenes]] (sounding similar to [[voiced]]) in intervocalic position and after [[liquid consonant|liquid]]s, [[nasal stop|nasals]] and [[semi-vowel]]s. Аннепе sounds like ''annebe'', but кушакпа sounds like ''kuzhakpa''. However, [[geminate consonant]]s do not undergo this lenition. Furthermore, the voiced consonants occurring in [[Russian language|Russian]] are used in modern Russian-language loans. Consonants also become [[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalized]] before and after [[front vowel]]s. However, some words like пульчӑклӑ "dirty", present palatalized consonants without preceding or succeeding front vowels, and should be understood that such are actually phonemic: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" | ! rowspan="2" |[[Labial consonant|Labial]] ! colspan="2" |[[Dental consonant|Dental]]/<br>[[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] ! rowspan="2" |[[Postalveolar consonant|Post-<br>alveolar]] ! rowspan="2" |[[Palatal consonant|Palatal]] ! rowspan="2" |[[Velar consonant|Velar]] |- !<small>plain</small> !<small>[[Palatalization (phonetics)|pal.]]</small> |- ![[Stop consonant|Stop]] | {{IPA link|p}} {{grapheme|п}} | {{IPA link|t}} {{grapheme|т}} |{{IPA link|tʲ}} {{grapheme|ть}} | | {{IPA link|tɕ}} {{grapheme|ч}} | {{IPA link|k}} {{grapheme|к}} |- ![[Fricative]] | | {{IPA link|s}} {{grapheme|c}} | | {{IPA link|ʃ}} {{grapheme|ш}} | {{IPA link|ɕ}} {{grapheme|ҫ}} | {{IPA link|x}} {{grapheme|x}} |- ![[Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | {{IPA link|m}} {{grapheme|м}} | {{IPA link|n}} {{grapheme|н}} |{{IPA link|nʲ}} {{grapheme|нь}} | | | |- ![[Approximant]] | {{IPA link|ʋ}} {{grapheme|в}} | {{IPA link|l}} {{grapheme|л}} |{{IPA link|lʲ}} {{grapheme|ль}} | | {{IPA link|j}} {{grapheme|й}} | |- ![[Trill consonant|Trill]] | | {{IPA link|r}} {{grapheme|p}} | | | | |} * {{IPAslink|x}} can have a voiced allophone of {{IPAblink|ɣ}}.
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