Editing Climate model (section)

==== Models with separated surface and atmospheric layers ====
[[file:greenhouse slab model.png|thumb|upright=1|right|One-layer EBM with blackbody surface]]

Dimensionless models have also been constructed with functionally separated atmospheric layers from the surface.   The simplest of these is the [[idealized greenhouse model|zero-dimensional, one-layer model]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/atmosphericwarming/singlelayermodel.html |title=ACS Climate Science Toolkit - Atmospheric Warming - A Single-Layer Atmosphere Model |publisher=[[American Chemical Society]] |accessdate=2 October 2022}}</ref>  which may be readily extended to an arbitrary number of atmospheric layers.   The surface and atmospheric layer(s) are each characterized by a corresponding temperature and emissivity value, but no thickness.  Applying radiative equilibrium (i.e conservation of energy) at the interfaces between layers produces a set of coupled equations which are solvable.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/atmosphericwarming/multilayermodel.html |title=ACS Climate Science Toolkit - Atmospheric Warming - A Multi-Layer Atmosphere Model |publisher=[[American Chemical Society]] |accessdate=2 October 2022}}</ref>

Layered models produce temperatures that better estimate those observed for Earth's surface and atmospheric levels.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.e-education.psu.edu/meteo469/node/198 |title=METEO 469: From Meteorology to Mitigation - Understanding Global Warming - Lesson 5 - Modelling of the Climate System - One-Layer Energy Balance Model |publisher=[[Pennsylvania State University]] College of Mineral and Earth Sciences - Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences |accessdate=2 October 2022}}</ref>  They likewise further illustrate the radiative [[heat transfer]] processes which underlie the greenhouse effect.  Quantification of this phenomenon using a version of the one-layer model was first published by [[Svante Arrhenius]] in year 1896.<ref name="sa1896">{{Cite journal | author=Svante Arrhenius | year=1896 | title=On the influence of carbonic acid in the air upon the temperature of the ground | journal=Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science | volume=41 | issue=251 | pages=237–276 | language=en| doi=10.1080/14786449608620846 | url=https://zenodo.org/record/1431217 }}</ref>