Editing Clonal anergy (section)

==Experimental approaches to study anergy==
Various chemicals inducing/inhibiting described T cell signalling pathways can be used to study the anergy. The anergy in [[T cell]]s can be induced by [[Ionomycin]], the ionophore capable of raising intracellular concentration of [[calcium]] ions artificially.{{cn|date=March 2022}}

Conversely, [[Calcium|Ca<sup>+II</sup>]] chelators such as [[EGTA (chemical)|EGTA]] can sequester [[Calcium|calcium ions]] making them unable to cause the anergy. Blocking of the pathway leading to the anergy can be also done by [[Ciclosporin|cyclosporin A]], which is capable of inhibiting [[calcineurin]] – the phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylating of [[NFAT]] priming its activation.

[[12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate|PMA]], phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, along with [[ionomycin]] is used to induce full [[T cell]]s activation by mimicking signals provided naturally by [[T cell receptor|TCR]]/costimulatory receptors activation.<ref name="Macián et al"/>