Editing Clostridium perfringens (section)

=== Protoplast transformation ===
The first report of transformation in ''C. perfringens'' involved [[polyethylene]] [[Glycol|glycol-mediated transformation]] of [[protoplast]]s. The transformation procedure involved the addition of the plasmid DNA to the protoplasts in the presence of high concentrations of [[polyethylene glycol]]. During the first protoplast transformation experiment, L-phase variants of ''C. perfringens'' were generated by [[penicillin]] treatment in the presence 0.4m sucrose. After the transformation procedure was completed, all of the transformed cells were still in the form of L-phase variants. Reversion to vegetative cells was not obtained, but it was observed that autoplasts (protoplasts derived from [[Autolysis (biology)|autolysis]]) were able to be regenerated to produce rods with cell walls and could be transformed with ''C. perfringens'' plasmid DNA.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rood |first1=J I |last2=Cole |first2=S T |date=December 1991 |title=Molecular genetics and pathogenesis of Clostridium perfringens |journal=Microbiological Reviews |language=en |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=621–648 |doi=10.1128/mr.55.4.621-648.1991 |issn=0146-0749 |pmc=372840 |pmid=1779929}}</ref>