Editing Cognition (section)

=== Beginning of cognition ===
Studies on cognitive development have also been conducted in children beginning from the embryonal period to understand when cognition appears and what environmental attributes stimulate the construction of human thought or mental processes. Research shows the intentional engagement of fetuses with the environment, demonstrating cognitive achievements.<ref name="ValDanilov_SI_Modulation 2023">{{Cite journal |last=Val Danilov |first=Igor |date= 2023|title=Shared Intentionality Modulation at the Cell Level: Low-Frequency Oscillations for Temporal Coordination in Bioengineering Systems |url=https://www.lidsen.com/journals/neurobiology/neurobiology-07-04-185 |journal=OBM Neurobiology |language=en |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304185|s2cid=263722179 |doi-access=free }}</ref> However, organisms with simple reflexes cannot cognize the environment alone because the environment is the cacophony of stimuli (electromagnetic waves, chemical interactions, and pressure fluctuations).<ref>{{cite book | chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-10467-1_19 | doi=10.1007/978-3-031-10467-1_19 | chapter=Smartphone in Detecting Developmental Disability in Infancy: A Theoretical Approach to Shared Intentionality for Assessment Tool of Cognitive Decline and e-Learning | title=Intelligent Computing | series=Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems | date=2022 | last1=Val Danilov | first1=Igor | volume=508 | pages=305–315 | isbn=978-3-031-10466-4 }}</ref> Their sensation is too limited by the noise to solve the cue problem–the relevant stimulus cannot overcome the noise magnitude if it passes through the senses (see the [[binding problem]]). Fetuses need external help to stimulate their nervous system in choosing the relevant sensory stimulus for grasping the perception of objects.<ref name="ValDanilov_Perspective 2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Val Danilov |first1=Igor |last2=Mihailova |first2=Sandra |date= 2022|title=A New Perspective on Assessing Cognition in Children through Estimating Shared Intentionality |journal=Journal of Intelligence |language=en |volume=10 |issue=2 |page=21 |doi=10.3390/jintelligence10020021 |issn=2079-3200 |pmc=9036231 |pmid=35466234 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The [[Shared intentionality]] approach proposes a plausible explanation of perception development in this earlier stage. Initially, Michael Tomasello introduced the [[psychological construct]] of [[Shared intentionality]], highlighting its contribution to cognitive development from birth.<ref>{{cite book|last=Tomasello|first=Michael|title=Becoming Human: A Theory of Ontogeny|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=2019|isbn=9780674988651}}{{page needed|date=August 2024}}</ref> This primary interaction provides unaware collaboration in mother-child dyads for environmental learning. Later, Igor Val Danilov developed this notion, expanding it to the intrauterine period and clarifying the [[Neurophysiology|neurophysiological]] processes underlying [[Shared intentionality]].<ref name="ValDanilov_Theoretical 2023">Val Danilov I. (2023). "Theoretical Grounds of Shared Intentionality for Neuroscience in Developing Bioengineering Systems". ''OBM Neurobiology'' 2023; 7(1): 156; {{doi|10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301156}}</ref> According to the [[Shared intentionality]] approach, the mother shares the essential sensory stimulus of the actual cognitive problem with the child.<ref>Val Danilov Igor, Mihailova Sandra. (2021). "Neuronal Coherence Agent for Shared Intentionality: A Hypothesis of Neurobiological Processes Occurring during Social Interaction". ''OBM Neurobiology'' 2021;5(4):26; {{doi|10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2104113}}.</ref> By sharing this stimulus, the mother provides a template for developing the young organism's nervous system.<ref name="ValDanilov_LF 2023">{{Cite journal |last=Val Danilov |first=Igor |date= 2023|title=Low-Frequency Oscillations for Nonlocal Neuronal Coupling in Shared Intentionality Before and After Birth: Toward the Origin of Perception |url=https://www.lidsen.com/journals/neurobiology/neurobiology-07-04-192 |journal=OBM Neurobiology |language=en |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304192|s2cid=265002516 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Recent findings in research on child cognitive development <ref name="ValDanilov_Perspective 2022" /><ref name="ValDanilov_Theoretical 2023" /><ref>Castiello, U.; Becchio, C.; Zoia, S.; Nelini, C.; Sartori, L.; Blason, L.; D'Ottavio, G.; Bulgheroni, M.; Gallese, V. (2010). "Wired to be social: the ontogeny of human interaction." ''PloS one,'' 5(10), p .e13199.</ref><ref>Kisilevsky, B.C. (2016). "Fetal Auditory Processing: Implications for Language Development? Fetal Development." ''Research on Brain and Behavior, Environmental In uences, and Emerging Technologies,'': 133–152.</ref><ref>Lee, G.Y.C.; Kisilevsky, B.S. (2014). "Fetuses respond to father's voice but prefer mother's voice after birth." ''Developmental Psychobiology,'' 56: 1–11.</ref><ref>Hepper, P.G.; Scott, D.; Shahidullah, S. (1993). "Newborn and fetal response to maternal voice." ''Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology,'' 11: 147–153.</ref><ref>Lecanuet, J.P.; Granier‐Deferre, C.; Jacquet, A.Y.; Capponi, I.; Ledru, L. (1993). "Prenatal discrimination of a male and a female voice uttering the same sentence." ''Early development and parenting,'' 2(4): 217–228.</ref><ref>Hepper P. (2015). "Behavior during the prenatal period: Adaptive for development and survival." ''Child Development Perspectives,'' 9(1): 38–43. {{doi|10.1111/cdep.12104}}.</ref><ref>Jardri, R.; Houfflin-Debarge, V.; Delion, P.; Pruvo, J-P.; Thomas, P.; Pins, D. (2012). "Assessing fetal response to maternal speech using a noninvasive functional brain imaging technique." ''International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience,'' 2012, 30: 159–161. {{doi|10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2011.11.002}}.</ref>{{excessive citations inline|date=March 2025}} and advances in inter-brain neuroscience experiments<ref name="pmid37563301">{{cite journal | vauthors = Liu J, Zhang R, Xie E, Lin Y, Chen D, Liu Y, Li K, Chen M, Li Y, Wang G, Li X | display-authors = 6 | title = Shared intentionality modulates interpersonal neural synchronization at the establishment of communication system | journal = Communications Biology | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | page = 832 | date = August 2023 | pmid = 37563301 | pmc = 10415255 | doi = 10.1038/s42003-023-05197-z }}</ref><ref name="pmid34188170">{{cite journal | vauthors = Painter DR, Kim JJ, Renton AI, Mattingley JB | title = Joint control of visually guided actions involves concordant increases in behavioural and neural coupling | journal = Communications Biology | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | page = 816 | date = June 2021 | pmid = 34188170 | pmc = 8242020 | doi = 10.1038/s42003-021-02319-3 }}</ref><ref name="pmid29292232">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hu Y, Pan Y, Shi X, Cai Q, Li X, Cheng X | title = Inter-brain synchrony and cooperation context in interactive decision making | journal = Biological Psychology | volume = 133 | issue =  | pages = 54–62 | date = March 2018 | pmid = 29292232 | doi = 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.12.005 | s2cid = 46859640 }}</ref><ref name="pmid30060130">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fishburn FA, Murty VP, Hlutkowsky CO, MacGillivray CE, Bemis LM, Murphy ME, Huppert TJ, Perlman SB | display-authors = 6 | title = Putting our heads together: interpersonal neural synchronization as a biological mechanism for shared intentionality | journal = Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience | volume = 13 | issue = 8 | pages = 841–849 | date = September 2018 | pmid = 30060130 | pmc = 6123517 | doi = 10.1093/scan/nsy060 }}</ref><ref name="pmid28284802">{{cite journal | vauthors = Szymanski C, Pesquita A, Brennan AA, Perdikis D, Enns JT, Brick TR, Müller V, Lindenberger U | display-authors = 6 | title = Teams on the same wavelength perform better: Inter-brain phase synchronization constitutes a neural substrate for social facilitation | journal = NeuroImage | volume = 152 | issue =  | pages = 425–436 | date = May 2017 | pmid = 28284802 | doi = 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.03.013 | hdl = 11858/00-001M-0000-002D-059A-1 | s2cid = 3807834 | hdl-access = free }}</ref> have made the above proposition plausible. Based on them, the [[shared intentionality|shared intentionality hypothesis]] introduced the notion of pre-perceptual communication in the mother-fetus communication model due to nonlocal neuronal coupling.<ref name="ValDanilov_SI_Modulation 2023" /><ref name="ValDanilov_Theoretical 2023" /><ref name="ValDanilov_LF 2023" /> This nonlocal coupling model refers to communication between two organisms through the copying of the adequate ecological dynamics by biological systems indwelling one environmental context, where a naive actor (Fetus) replicates information from an experienced actor (Mother) due to intrinsic processes of these [[Dynamical systems theory|dynamic systems]] ([[Embodied cognition|embodied information]]) but without interacting through sensory signals.<ref name="ValDanilov_SI_Modulation 2023" /><ref name="ValDanilov_Theoretical 2023" /><ref name="ValDanilov_LF 2023" /> The Mother's heartbeats (a low-frequency oscillator) modulate relevant local neuronal networks in specific subsystems of both her and the nervous system of the fetus due to the effect of the [[Wave interference|interference]] of the low-frequency oscillator (Mother heartbeats) and already exhibited gamma activity in these neuronal networks (interference in physics is the combination of two or more electromagnetic waveforms to form a resultant wave).<ref name="ValDanilov_SI_Modulation 2023" /><ref name="ValDanilov_Theoretical 2023" /><ref name="ValDanilov_LF 2023" /> Therefore, the subliminal perception in a fetus emerges due to [[Shared intentionality]] with the mother that stimulates cognition in this organism even before birth.<ref name="ValDanilov_SI_Modulation 2023" /><ref name="ValDanilov_Theoretical 2023" /><ref name="ValDanilov_LF 2023" />

Further, cognition and emotions develop with the association of affective cues with stimuli responsible for triggering the neuronal pathways of simple reflexes.<ref name="Reflexes Cognition">{{cite journal |last1=Danilov |first1=Igor Val |last2=Mihailova |first2=Sandra |title=Reflexes and Shared Intentionality in the Origins of Emotions Development: A Scoping Review of Studies on Blinking in Infants |journal=OBM Neurobiology |date=January 2025 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=1–21 |doi=10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501263 |url=https://www.lidsen.com/journals/neurobiology/neurobiology-09-01-263 |language=en |issn=2573-4407|doi-access=free }}{{Creative Commons text attribution notice|cc=by4|from this source=yes}}</ref> This pre-perceptual multimodal integration can succeed owing to neuronal coherence in mother-child dyads beginning from pregnancy.<ref name="Reflexes Cognition" /> According to the pre-perceptual multimodal integration hypothesis based on empirical evidence, these cognitive-reflex and emotion-reflex stimuli conjunctions further form simple innate neuronal assemblies, shaping the cognitive and emotional neuronal patterns in statistical learning that are continuously connected with the neuronal pathways of reflexes.<ref name="Reflexes Cognition" />

Another crucial question in understanding the beginning of cognition is memory storage about the relevant ecological dynamics by the naive nervous system (i.e., memorizing the ecological condition of relevant sensory stimulus) at the molecular level – an [[Engram (neuropsychology)|engram]]. Evidence derived using [[optical imaging]], [[Molecular genetics|molecular-genetic]] and [[Optogenetics|optogenetic]] techniques in conjunction with appropriate behavioural analyses continues to offer support for the idea that changing the strength of connections between neurons is one of the major mechanisms by which engrams are stored in the brain.<ref>Takeuchi, T; Duszkiewicz, A.J.; Morris, R.G. (2013). "The synaptic plasticity and memory hypothesis: encoding, storage and persistence." ''Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci.'' 2013 Dec 2;369(1633):20130288. {{doi|10.1098/rstb.2013.0288}}. {{PMID|24298167}}; {{PMCID|PMC3843897}}.</ref>

Two (or more) possible mechanisms of cognition can involve both quantum effects<ref>Kerskens, C. M.; Pérez, D. L. (2022). "Experimental indications of non-classical brain functions." ''Journal of Physics Communications,'' 6(10), 105001. {{doi|10.1088/2399-6528/ac94be}}</ref> and synchronization of brain structures due to electromagnetic interference.<ref>Hanslmayr, S.; Axmacher, N.; Inman, C. S. (2019). "Modulating human memory via entrainment of brain oscillations." ''Trends in neurosciences,'' 42(7), 485–499. {{doi|10.1016/j.tins.2019.04.004}}</ref><ref name="ValDanilov_SI_Modulation 2023" /><ref name="ValDanilov_Theoretical 2023" /><ref name="ValDanilov_LF 2023" />