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Cognitive neuroscience
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====Aggregate field view==== According to the aggregate field view, all areas of the brain participate in every mental function.<ref name="Erickson-Davis"/> [[Pierre Flourens]], a French experimental psychologist, challenged the localizationist view by using animal experiments.{{sfn|Kosslyn|Andersen|1995|p={{pn|date=March 2025}}}} He discovered that removing the [[cerebellum]] (brain) in rabbits and pigeons affected their sense of muscular coordination, and that all cognitive functions were disrupted in pigeons when the [[cerebral hemisphere]]s were removed. From this he concluded that the [[cerebral cortex]], [[cerebellum]], and [[brainstem]] functioned together as a whole.<ref name = "Boring, E.G. (1957). A history of experimental psychology. New York. ">Boring, E.G. (1957). A history of experimental psychology. New York.{{pn|date=March 2025}}</ref> His approach has been criticised on the basis that the tests were not sensitive enough to notice selective deficits had they been present.{{sfn|Kosslyn|Andersen|1995|p={{pn|date=March 2025}}}}
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