Editing Colima (section)

==Culture==
[[File:Manzanillo Mexico.jpg|thumb|Manzanillo harbor]]
Indigenous and Spanish cultures have played a part in the shaping of the state, although traces can be hidden in modern local cultures and traditions. Most crafts and dances of the state are of indigenous origin although some originated after the [[Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire|Conquest]]. The Spanish contributed to bullfighting and charreada.

The most popular folk dances in the state include some that tell the story of the Spanish conquest—under various names, such as ''Conquista,'' ''Virgin of Guadalupe,'' ''capotes,'' and ''the fox.'' Another popular dance is called ''Apaches.'' These originated in the colonial period, along with ''Moros y Cristianos'' and ''machines.'' Dances with indigenous roots include ''sonajera India'' and ''morenos.''

Pastorales, or short plays with religious themes, are traditions that began in the very early colonial period. A popular one from that time is the ''Adoration of the Three Wise Men,'' though it has evolved to meet modern tastes.<ref name="fiestasgob">{{cite web |url=http://www.colima-estado.gob.mx/cultura/contenido.php?iw=76 |title=Fiestas, Danzas y Tradiciones |publisher=State of Colima |location=Colima, Mexico |language=es |trans-title=Festivals, Dances and Traditions |access-date=July 29, 2011 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716000451/http://www.colima-estado.gob.mx/cultura/contenido.php?iw=76 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Colima has a number of important local festivals and other annual events. January 6 is the ''Los Chayacates de Ixtlahuacán''—a mix of indigenous and Catholic practices based on the pastorale and the cultivation cycle of corn. On the Tuesday after [[Epiphany (holiday)|Epiphany]] is the "Entrance of the Señor de la Expiración" in Rancho de Villa. On this date, the image returns to this village from [[Coquimatlán]]. It includes parades, dances, fireworks, and [[jaripeo]]s.<ref name="fiestasgob"/><ref name="costumbres">{{cite web |url=http://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/costumbres-fiestas-y-tradiciones-colima.html |title=Costumbres, fiestas y tradiciones (Colima) |publisher=Mexico Desconocido magazine |location=Mexico City |language=es |trans-title=Customs, festivals, and traditions (Colima) |access-date=July 29, 2011 |archive-date=June 7, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607114457/http://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/costumbres-fiestas-y-tradiciones-colima.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[Candlemas]] is an important event in Tecomán with traditional dances and fairs.<ref name="fiestasgob"/> Candlemas in Suchitlán is the most important annual event in the region, celebrated with dances such as Los Gallitos, Los Apaches and Los Morenos. The last two dances involved dancers with elaborately carved and decorated masks.<ref name="costumbres"/>

Villa de Álvarez celebrates its annual Fiestas Charro-Taurinas, originally the feast of the city's patron saint, [[Philip of Jesus]]. In addition to bullfights and [[charreada]]s, mojigangas are featured. The Paspaques of Suchitlán—an agricultural ritual of pre-Hispanic origin—is celebrated by the [[Nahua peoples|Nahuas]] of this small village on March 19. It centers on preparing corn in various ways, such as tortillas, tamales, [[pozole]], and more. [[Holy Week]] is a major event in many municipalities, which often hold passion plays during the week.<ref name="fiestasgob"/>

The Feria de Manzanillo occurs from April 29 to May 1 and celebrates the anniversary of its designation as a major port (Puerto de Altura). It is held with street parties, dances, contests, and jaripeos.<ref name="costumbres"/> May 3 is the Day of the Holy Cross, important in Suchitlán, and celebrated with the ''morenos'' dance.<ref name="fiestasgob"/> The Fiestas del Cristo de Caña in Quesería in May revolves around an 18th-century Christ image that came to the area from Pátzcuaro. It is celebrated with horse races, mojigangas, traditional dance, processions, and music.<ref name="costumbres"/> On September 29 Tamala, the municipality of Ixtlahuacán celebrates the feast of the [[Archangel Michael]] with a change of "mayordomos" (festival sponsors).<ref name="fiestasgob"/>

The most important festival in the state is [[Day of the Dead]]. For the weeks before and after, the state holds its Agricultural, Industrial, and Cultural Fair.<ref name="fiestasgob"/> On November 1, the city of Colima has an agricultural, livestock, commerce, and industry fair that includes dances, parades with floats and a charreada.<ref name="costumbres"/> Pastorelas are most commonly seen during December between the feast day of the Virgin of Guadalupe (December 12) and Christmas.<ref name="fiestasgob"/> Comala celebrates the feast of the Virgin of Guadalupe from the first to the December 12 with processions, bullfights, jaripeos, [[cockfighting|cockfights]]—and on the eighth with a dance to popular music, floats, and fireworks.<ref name="costumbres"/>

The state has produced one internationally famous artist named [[Alejandro Rangel Hidalgo]]. He is best known for illustrating Christmas cards for [[UNICEF]] in the 1960s, but he did much other work and designed furniture in a style now called Rangeliano. Many of his works are preserved at his former home of the Nogueras Hacienda in Comala, which is now a museum and cultural center run by the [[University of Colima]].<ref name="devlin">{{cite web |url=http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/442-alejandro-rangel-hidalgo-universal-artist-from-colima |title=Alejandro Rangel Hidalgo – Universal artist from Colima |author=Wendy Devlin |date=February 16, 2007 |publisher=Mexconnect newsletter |issn=1028-9089 |access-date=July 29, 2011 |archive-date=January 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115141915/http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/442-alejandro-rangel-hidalgo-universal-artist-from-colima |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="rincones14">{{cite book |editor1-first=Victor Manuel |editor1-last=Jiménez González |title=Colima:Guía para descubrir los encantos del estado |trans-title=Colima: Guide to discover the charms of the state |year=2009 |publisher=Editorial Océano de México SA de CV |location=Mexico City |language=es |isbn=978-607-400-172-3 |pages=14}}</ref> Other noted artists from the state include [[Gabriel Portillo]], [[Mercedes Zamora]], [[Jorge Chávez Carrillo]], [[Pancha Magaña]] and [[Juan Soriano (artist)|Juan Soriano]]. Noted writers include [[Gregorio Torres Quintero]], Fray [[Juan de Grijalva]], [[Balbino Dávalos]] and [[Felipe Sevilla]].<ref name="rincones1417">{{cite book |editor1-first=Victor Manuel |editor1-last=Jiménez González |title=Colima:Guía para descubrir los encantos del estado |trans-title=Colima: Guide to discover the charms of the state |year=2009 |publisher=Editorial Océano de México SA de CV |location=Mexico City |language=es |isbn=978-607-400-172-3 |pages=14–17}}</ref>