Editing Compact Linear Collider (section)

=== New phenomena ===
CLIC could discover new physics phenomena either through indirect measurements or by direct observation. Large deviations in precision measurements of particle properties from the [[Standard Model]] prediction would indirectly signal the presence of new physics. Such indirect methods give access to energy scales far beyond the available collision energy, reaching sensitivities of up to tens of TeV.

Examples of indirect measurements CLIC would be capable of at 3&nbsp;TeV are: using the production of muon pairs to provide evidence of a Z{{prime}} boson (reach up to ~30&nbsp;TeV) indicating a simple gauge extension beyond the [[Standard Model]]; using vector boson scattering for giving insight into the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking; and exploiting the combination of several final states to determine the elementary or composite nature of the Higgs boson (reach of compositeness scale up to ~50&nbsp;TeV).<ref name="new_physics_rep">
{{cite journal |last1=de Blas |first1=J. |last2=Franceschini |first2=R. |last3=Riva |first3=F. |last4=Roloff |first4=P. |last5=Schnoor |first5=U. |last6=Spannowsky |first6=M. |last7=Wells |first7=J. D. |last8=Wulzer |first8=A. |last9=Zupan |first9=J. |title=The CLIC potential for new physics |date=21 December 2018 |journal=CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs |volume=3 |doi=10.23731/CYRM-2018-003 |bibcode=2018arXiv181202093D |arxiv=1812.02093 |s2cid=117485395
}}</ref> Direct pair production of particles up to a mass of 1.5&nbsp;TeV, and single particle production up to a mass of 3&nbsp;TeV is possible at CLIC. Due to the clean environment of electron-positron colliders, CLIC would be able to measure the properties of these potential new particles to a very high precision.<ref name="Burrows_CLIC_CERN-2018" /> Examples of particles CLIC could directly observe at 3&nbsp;TeV are some of those proposed by the [[supersymmetry|supersymmetry theory]]: [[chargino]]s, [[neutralino]]s (both ~≤ 1.5&nbsp;TeV), and [[sfermions#Sleptons|sleptons]] (≤ 1.5&nbsp;TeV).<ref name=new_physics_rep/>

However, research from experimental data on the [[cosmological constant]], [[LIGO]] [[noise]], and [[pulsar timing]], suggests it's very unlikely that there are any new particles with masses much higher than those which can be found in the standard model or the LHC.<ref name="cosmological-bounds">
{{cite journal |last1=Afshordi |first1=Niayesh |last2=Nelson |first2=Elliot |title=Cosmological bounds on TeV-scale physics and beyond |url=https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.93.083505 |journal=Physical Review D |access-date=20 February 2023 |pages=083505 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.93.083505 |date=7 April 2016|volume=93 |issue=8 |arxiv=1504.00012 |bibcode=2016PhRvD..93h3505A |s2cid=119110506
}}</ref><ref name="ligo-noise">
{{cite arXiv |last1=Afshordi |first1=Niayesh |title=On the origin of the LIGO "mystery" noise and the high energy particle physics desert |date=21 November 2019|class=gr-qc |eprint=1911.09384
}}</ref><ref name="pulsar-timing">
{{cite arXiv |last1=Afshordi |first1=Niayesh |last2=Kim |first2=Hyungjin |last3=Nelson |first3=Elliot |title=Pulsar Timing Constraints on Physics Beyond the Standard Model |date=15 March 2017|class=hep-th |eprint=1703.05331
}}</ref> On the other hand, this research has also indicated that [[quantum gravity]] or [[perturbative]] [[quantum field theory]] will become strongly coupled before 1 PeV, leading to other new physics in the TeVs.<ref name="cosmological-bounds" />