Editing Computational science (section)

=== Computational biology ===
{{main|Computational biology}}
Exciting new developments in [[biotechnology]] are now revolutionizing biology and [[biomedical research]]. Examples of these techniques are [[DNA sequencing|high-throughput sequencing]], high-throughput [[Real-time polymerase chain reaction|quantitative PCR]], intra-cellular imaging, [[In situ hybridization|in-situ hybridization]] of gene expression, three-dimensional imaging techniques like [[Light sheet fluorescence microscopy|Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy]], and [[Optical projection tomography|Optical Projection (micro)-Computer Tomography]]. Given the massive amounts of complicated data that is generated by these techniques, their meaningful interpretation, and even their storage, form major challenges calling for new approaches. Going beyond current bioinformatics approaches, [[computational biology]] needs to develop new methods to discover meaningful patterns in these large data sets. Model-based reconstruction of [[Gene regulatory network|gene networks]] can be used to organize the gene expression data in a systematic way and to guide future data collection. A major challenge here is to understand how gene regulation is controlling fundamental biological processes like [[biomineralization]] and [[embryogenesis]]. The sub-processes like [[gene regulation]], [[Organic compound|organic molecules]] interacting with the mineral deposition process, [[Cell (biology)|cellular processes]], [[physiology]], and other processes at the tissue and environmental levels are linked. Rather than being directed by a central control mechanism, biomineralization and embryogenesis can be viewed as an emergent behavior resulting from a complex system in which several sub-processes on very different [[Temporal scales|temporal]] and [[spatial scale]]s (ranging from nanometer and nanoseconds to meters and years) are connected into a multi-scale system. One of the few available options{{Which|date=December 2021}} to understand such systems is by developing a [[Multiscale modeling|multi-scale model]] of the system.{{Citation needed|date=December 2021}}