Editing Consumer electronics (section)

==Industries==
{{main|Electronics industry}}
{{see also|Electronics industry in Japan|Electronics industry in China|Electronics industry in Bangladesh}}
The electronics industry, especially consumer electronics, emerged in the 20th century and has become a global industry worth billions of dollars. Contemporary society uses all manner of electronic devices built-in automated or semi-automated factories operated by the industry.

===Manufacturing===
{{main|Electronics industry}}
{{see also|Electronic packaging}}

[[File:Berliner Grammophon Hannover.jpg|thumb|[[Phonograph|Gramophone]] factory in [[Hannover-Nordstadt]]]]
Most consumer electronics are built in [[China]], due to maintenance cost, availability of materials, quality, and speed as opposed to other countries such as the [[United States]].<ref name="Why can't US build ce?">{{cite web | url=http://www.sddt.com/commentary/article.cfm?Commentary_ID=140&SourceCode=20140811tbc&_t=Why+cant+the+US+build+consumer+electronic+products#.VA7b2RbOP-k | title=Why can't the US build consumer electronic products? | work=San Diego Source | date=11 August 2014 | access-date=9 September 2014 | author=Baker, Phil | archive-date=21 April 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421125834/http://www.sddt.com/Commentary/article.cfm?Commentary_ID=140&SourceCode=20140811tbc&_t=Why+cant+the+US+build+consumer+electronic+products#.VA7b2RbOP-k | url-status=dead }}</ref> Cities such as [[Shenzhen]] have become important production centers for the industry, attracting many consumer electronics companies such as [[Apple Inc.]]<ref>{{cite web|first=Craig|last=Gamble|url=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/comment/shenzhen-in-china-becomes-a-power-source-for-the-electronics-industry-20140820-105h3g.html|title=Shenzhen in China becomes a power source for the electronics industry|work=Brisbane Times|date=22 August 2014|access-date=9 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825000543/http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/comment/shenzhen-in-china-becomes-a-power-source-for-the-electronics-industry-20140820-105h3g.html|archive-date=25 August 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

====Electronic component====
{{main|Electronic component}}
An electronic component is any essential discrete device or physical entity in an electronic system used to affect [[electron]]s or their associated fields. Electronic components are mostly industrial products, available in a singular form, and are not to be confused with [[electrical element]]s, conceptual abstractions representing idealized electronic components.

====Software development====
{{see also|Software development}}
Consumer electronics such as personal computers use various types of software. Embedded [[software]] is used within some consumer electronics, such as [[mobile phone]]s.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2601743/microsoft-announces-two-lumia-phones-always-on-cortana-and-clever-new-mobile-accessories.html | title=Microsoft announces two Lumia phones, always-on Cortana, and clever new mobile accessories | work=[[PC World]] | date=4 September 2014 | access-date=11 September 2014 | author=Hachman, Mark | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910202325/http://www.pcworld.com/article/2601743/microsoft-announces-two-lumia-phones-always-on-cortana-and-clever-new-mobile-accessories.html | archive-date=10 September 2014 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref> This type of software may be embedded within the hardware of electronic devices.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://news.oneindia.in/2008/04/13/electronics-hardware-consumption-poised-to-touch-360-bln-by-2015-1208100729.html | title=Electronics hardware consumption poised to touch *360 bln by 2015 | publisher=[[One India]] | date=13 April 2008 | access-date=11 September 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912075559/http://news.oneindia.in/2008/04/13/electronics-hardware-consumption-poised-to-touch-360-bln-by-2015-1208100729.html | archive-date=12 September 2014 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Some consumer electronics include software that is used on a personal computer in conjunction with electronic devices, such as [[camcorder]]s and [[digital camera]]s, and third-party software for such devices also exists.

====Standardization====
Some consumer electronics adhere to protocols, such as [[Communication protocol|connection protocols]] "to high speed bi-directional signals".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US20120287942 | title=Signal Converter of Consumer Electronics Connection Protocols (US 20120287942 A1) | publisher=IFI CLAIMS Patent Services | date=15 November 2012 | access-date=12 September 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915104711/http://www.google.com/patents/US20120287942 | archive-date=15 September 2014 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref> In [[telecommunications]], a communications protocol is a system of digital rules for data exchange within or between computers.

===Trade shows===
The [[Consumer Electronics Show]] (CES) [[trade show]] has taken place yearly in [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]], [[Nevada]] since its foundation in 1973. The event, which grew from having 100 exhibitors in its inaugural year to more than 4,500 exhibiting companies in its 2020 edition, features the latest in consumer electronics, speeches by industry experts and innovation awards.<ref>{{cite web|first=Tim|last=Hornyak|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2601560/jack-wayman-founder-of-ces-trade-show-dies-at-92.html|title=Jack Wayman, founder of CES trade show, dies at 92|work=PC World|date=2 September 2014|access-date=9 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910215742/http://www.pcworld.com/article/2601560/jack-wayman-founder-of-ces-trade-show-dies-at-92.html|archive-date=10 September 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The [[IFA Berlin]] [[trade show]] has taken place in [[Berlin]], [[Germany]] since its foundation in 1924. The event features new consumer electronics and speeches by industry pioneers.

===IEEE initiatives===

[[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] (IEEE), the world's largest professional society, has many initiatives to advance the state of the art of consumer electronics. IEEE has a dedicated society of thousands of professionals to promote CE, called the Consumer Electronics Society (CESoc).<ref>IEEE Consumer Electronics Society, http://cesoc.ieee.org/ [https://ctsoc.ieee.org/]</ref> IEEE has multiple periodicals and international conferences to promote CE and encourage collaborative research and development in CE. The flagship conference of CESoc, called IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE), is in its 35th year.
* IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics<ref>Simon Sherratt, Editor-in-Chief (EiC), IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, https://ctsoc.ieee.org/publications/ieee-transactions-on-consumer-electronics.html [https://ctsoc.ieee.org/publications/ieee-transactions-on-consumer-electronics.html].</ref>
* IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine<ref>[[Saraju Mohanty|Saraju P. Mohanty]], Editor-in-Chief (EiC), IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, http://cesoc.ieee.org/publications/ce-magazine.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712122612/http://cesoc.ieee.org/publications/ce-magazine.html |date=12 July 2016 }}.</ref>
* IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE)<ref>IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE), http://www.icce.org/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723150212/http://www.icce.org/ |date=23 July 2016 }}</ref>

[[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] (IEEE) [https://www.computer.org/ Computer Society] also have initiated a conference to research on next generation consumer electronics as Smart Electronics. <ref>IEEE Computer Society, https://www.computer.org/</ref> The conference, named IEEE Symposium on Smart Electronics Systems ([https://www.ieee-ises.org/ IEEE-iSES]) is on its 9th year.<ref>IEEE International Symposium on Smart Electronic Systems, https://www.ieee-ises.org/</ref>

===Retailing===
{{See also|Consumer electronics store}}
[[File:Gigantti Kokkola 20190612.jpg|thumb|[[Elkjøp|Gigantti]] store in [[Kokkola, Finland]]]]
Electronics retailing is a significant part of the [[retail]] industry in many countries. In the United States, dedicated [[consumer electronics store]]s have mostly given way to [[big-box stores]] such as [[Best Buy]], the largest consumer electronics retailer in the country,<ref name="Murphy">{{cite magazine | url=http://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20140125/ISSUE01/301259976/why-consumer-electronics-retailers-are-the-next-record-store | title=Why consumer electronics retailers are the next record store | magazine=[[Crain's Chicago Business]] | date=27 January 2014 | access-date=11 September 2014 | author=Murphy, H. Lee}}</ref> although smaller dedicated stores include [[Apple Store]]s, and specialist stores that serve, for example, audiophiles and exceptions, such as the single-branch [[B&H Photo]] store in New York City. Broad-based retailers, such as [[Walmart]] and [[Target Corporation|Target]], also sell consumer electronics in many of their stores.<ref name="Murphy"/> In April 2014, retail e-commerce sales were the highest in the consumer electronic and computer categories as well.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/11/us-retail-ecommerce-sales_n_5134269.html | title=US Retail Ecommerce Sales Highest for Computers, Consumer Electronics | work=[[The Huffington Post]] | date=11 April 2014 | access-date=11 September 2014 | author=eMarketer | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912094310/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/11/us-retail-ecommerce-sales_n_5134269.html | archive-date=12 September 2014 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Some consumer electronics retailers offer [[Extended warranty|extended warranties]] on products with programs such as ''[[SquareTrade]]''.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/hold-off-extended-warranties-until-you-read-this/ | title=Hold off extended warranties until you read this | publisher=[[CBS News]] (Moneywatch) | date=19 December 2011 | access-date=11 September 2014 | author=Sherman, Erik | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912092236/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/hold-off-extended-warranties-until-you-read-this/ | archive-date=12 September 2014 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
{{Category see also|Consumer electronics retailers}}

An electronics district is an area of commerce with a high density of retail stores that sell consumer electronics.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology/20599573 | title=Look round Shenzhen's Electronics District | work=[[BBC News]] | date=8 December 2012 | access-date=20 July 2016 | last=Cellan-Jones | first=Rory | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722142010/http://www.bbc.com/news/technology/20599573 | archive-date=22 July 2016 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
{{Category see also|Electronics districts}}

===Service and repair===
{{see also|Electronics technician}}
Consumer electronic service can refer to the maintenance of said products. When consumer electronics have malfunctions, they may sometimes be repaired.

In 2013, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the increased popularity in listening to sound from [[Analog recording|analog]] audio devices, such as [[phonograph]]s, as opposed to digital sound, has sparked a noticeable increase of business for the electronic repair industry there.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.post-gazette.com/business/businessnews/2013/08/18/Electronic-repair-industry-gets-second-wind/stories/201308180223 | title=Electronic repair industry gets second wind | work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] | date=18 August 2013 | access-date=11 September 2014 | author=Todd, Deborah M. | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407232611/http://www.post-gazette.com/business/businessnews/2013/08/18/Electronic-repair-industry-gets-second-wind/stories/201308180223 | archive-date=7 April 2015 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

===Mobile phone industry===

[[File:Mobile_Phone_Evolution_1992_-_2014.jpg|right|thumb|This picture illustrates how the mobile phone industry evolved to what we see today as modern [[smartphones]].]]
A [[mobile phone]], cellular phone, cell phone, cellphone, handphone, or hand phone, sometimes shortened to simply mobile, cell or just phone, is a portable [[telephone]] that can make and receive [[telephone call|calls]] over a [[radio frequency]] link while the user is moving within a telephone service area. The radio frequency link establishes a connection to the switching systems of a [[mobile phone operator]], which provides access to the [[public switched telephone network]] (PSTN). Modern mobile telephone services use a [[cellular network]] architecture and, therefore, mobile telephones are called ''cellular telephones'' or ''cell phones'' in North America. In addition to [[telephony]], digital mobile phones ([[2G]]) support a variety of other [[GSM services|services]], such as [[text messaging]], [[Multimedia Messaging Service|MMS]], [[email]], [[Internet access]], short-range wireless communications ([[Infrared Data Association|infrared]], [[Bluetooth]]), business applications, [[video game]]s and [[digital photography]]. Mobile phones offering only those capabilities are known as [[feature phone]]s; mobile phones which offer greatly advanced computing capabilities are referred to as [[smartphone]]s.<ref name="Srivastava">{{cite book |last1=Srivastava |first1=Viranjay M. |last2=Singh |first2=Ghanshyam |title=MOSFET Technologies for Double-Pole Four-Throw Radio-Frequency Switch |date=2013 |publisher=[[Springer Science & Business Media]] |isbn=9783319011653 |page=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fkO9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 |access-date=1 October 2021 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630125858/https://books.google.com/books?id=fkO9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 |url-status=live }}</ref>

A [[smartphone]] is a [[portable device]] that combines [[mobile telephone]] and [[Mobile computing|computing]] functions into one unit. They are distinguished from [[feature phone]]s by their stronger hardware capabilities and extensive [[mobile operating system]]s, which facilitate wider [[application software|software]], [[internet]] (including [[web navigation]] over [[mobile broadband]]), and [[multimedia]] functionality (including music, video, [[camera phone|camera]]s, and [[mobile game|gaming]]), alongside core phone functions such as [[voice call]]s and [[text messaging]]. Smartphones typically contain a number of [[MOSFET]] [[integrated circuit]] (IC) chips, include various [[sensor]]s that can be leveraged by pre-included and third-party software (such as a [[magnetometer]], [[proximity sensor]]s, [[barometer]], [[gyroscope]], [[accelerometer]] and [[#Sensors|more]]), and support [[wireless]] communications protocols (such as [[Bluetooth]], [[Wi-Fi]], or [[satellite navigation]]).

====By country====
{{main|List of telecom companies in India|Mobile phone industry in Japan|Mobile phone industry in Russia|l1 = Mobile phone industry in India|Mobile phone industry in South Korea|Page 4 = }}